{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386829282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","title":"Cross-national analyses require additional controls to account for the non-independence of nations","display_name":"Cross-national analyses require additional controls to account for the non-independence of nations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386829282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37723194","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10507061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41486-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41486-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087518285","display_name":"Scott Claessens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-6981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-6981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Claessens","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. scott.claessens@gmail.com","School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-6981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. scott.claessens@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002662183","display_name":"Thanos Kyritsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanos Kyritsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-1813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042208432","display_name":"Quentin Douglas Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8499-7535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8499-7535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB","NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quentin D. Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz","School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz","School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8499-7535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042208432","https://openalex.org/A5087518285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":6290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6290},"apc_paid":{"value":6290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6290},"fwci":9.0119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97955118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"5776","last_page":"5776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.22179999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.08619999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-research","display_name":"cross-country analysis","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"false positive rate","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-proximity","display_name":"spatial proximity","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-values","display_name":"national values","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reanalysis","display_name":"reanalysis","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-control","display_name":"statistical control","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.8270866274833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5230546593666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.43321558833122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32902950048446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32070931792259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20602408051490784}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41486-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/m6bsn","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m6bsn","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m6bsn","pdf_url":"https://psyarxiv.com/m6bsn/download","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10507061","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10507061","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10507061/pdf/41467_2023_Article_41486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Commun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37723194","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37723194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature communications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41486-1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41486-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2136726c8ea843eeae679317ed50d1a1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2136726c8ea843eeae679317ed50d1a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/100783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/100783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1-13","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:01797e9c-2bd3-400b-ad44-0024df0f6efc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/m6bsn","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E000A-9E9-0B1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/M6BSN","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0101-0CF-FE0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/dgr65/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E018F-AA2-B36","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/uywx8/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:e1ecb16f-ad0a-4120-8cb6-07d72a970cf4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/dgr65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41486-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320774","display_name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi","ror":"https://ror.org/04tajb587"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386829282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386829282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60395699","https://openalex.org/W75478870","https://openalex.org/W84303650","https://openalex.org/W96167583","https://openalex.org/W196162695","https://openalex.org/W1543166152","https://openalex.org/W1560781297","https://openalex.org/W1567529539","https://openalex.org/W1665378886","https://openalex.org/W1869120069","https://openalex.org/W1904943263","https://openalex.org/W1964449090","https://openalex.org/W1965145345","https://openalex.org/W1969113544","https://openalex.org/W1969519191","https://openalex.org/W1970448118","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1983213856","https://openalex.org/W1987027200","https://openalex.org/W1988335257","https://openalex.org/W1993151213","https://openalex.org/W2017785487","https://openalex.org/W2019827344","https://openalex.org/W2032265894","https://openalex.org/W2042226937","https://openalex.org/W2049410267","https://openalex.org/W2064031545","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2089294371","https://openalex.org/W2089792340","https://openalex.org/W2101498657","https://openalex.org/W2101736928","https://openalex.org/W2109862656","https://openalex.org/W2111103143","https://openalex.org/W2113845800","https://openalex.org/W2115694763","https://openalex.org/W2118397927","https://openalex.org/W2123501413","https://openalex.org/W2127923747","https://openalex.org/W2142748250","https://openalex.org/W2146411203","https://openalex.org/W2150231411","https://openalex.org/W2155475871","https://openalex.org/W2157355630","https://openalex.org/W2160889518","https://openalex.org/W2161411308","https://openalex.org/W2171477775","https://openalex.org/W2312176781","https://openalex.org/W2343171663","https://openalex.org/W2395745670","https://openalex.org/W2396051744","https://openalex.org/W2416241581","https://openalex.org/W2582192916","https://openalex.org/W2605983154","https://openalex.org/W2651719764","https://openalex.org/W2797673973","https://openalex.org/W2810959525","https://openalex.org/W2884241891","https://openalex.org/W2888814531","https://openalex.org/W2889827801","https://openalex.org/W2896178860","https://openalex.org/W2896252141","https://openalex.org/W2910278244","https://openalex.org/W2915255270","https://openalex.org/W2972615139","https://openalex.org/W2984844522","https://openalex.org/W3027282910","https://openalex.org/W3102957211","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3119281122","https://openalex.org/W3122513675","https://openalex.org/W3125496725","https://openalex.org/W3125841172","https://openalex.org/W3127063713","https://openalex.org/W3128074654","https://openalex.org/W3163247549","https://openalex.org/W3189851557","https://openalex.org/W3209765244","https://openalex.org/W3211435516","https://openalex.org/W3217457548","https://openalex.org/W4210503961","https://openalex.org/W4210702646","https://openalex.org/W4213105796","https://openalex.org/W4225605530","https://openalex.org/W4232976691","https://openalex.org/W4235713460","https://openalex.org/W4236886821","https://openalex.org/W4237210482","https://openalex.org/W4241846116","https://openalex.org/W4296558598","https://openalex.org/W4297879949","https://openalex.org/W4298309723","https://openalex.org/W4302776299","https://openalex.org/W4389420306","https://openalex.org/W4393541455","https://openalex.org/W4399587822","https://openalex.org/W6969224180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405519952","https://openalex.org/W6925019884","https://openalex.org/W2000255466","https://openalex.org/W2624382509","https://openalex.org/W2944270886","https://openalex.org/W2033926509","https://openalex.org/W1986237476","https://openalex.org/W3121991767","https://openalex.org/W4248255002","https://openalex.org/W7097660012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cross-national":[0],"analyses":[1,30],"test":[2],"hypotheses":[3],"about":[4],"the":[5,73,123],"drivers":[6],"of":[7,34,72,78,116,122],"variation":[8],"in":[9,17,58,111,147],"national":[10],"outcomes.":[11],"However,":[12],"since":[13],"nations":[14],"are":[15,89,105,125],"connected":[16],"various":[18],"ways,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21,47],"via":[22],"spatial":[23],"proximity":[24,136],"and":[25,60,81],"shared":[26],"cultural":[27],"ancestry,":[28],"cross-national":[29,56,76,119,148],"often":[31],"violate":[32],"assumptions":[33],"non-independence,":[35,96],"inflating":[36],"false":[37,109],"positive":[38],"rates.":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41,83],"show":[42],"that,":[43],"despite":[44],"being":[45],"recognised":[46],"an":[48],"important":[49],"statistical":[50],"pitfall":[51],"for":[52,67,87,95,107,132,145],"over":[53],"200":[54],"years,":[55],"research":[57],"economics":[59],"psychology":[61],"still":[62],"does":[63],"not":[64],"sufficiently":[65,143],"account":[66],"non-independence.":[68],"In":[69,114],"a":[70],"review":[71],"100":[74],"highest-cited":[75],"studies":[77,92],"economic":[79],"development":[80],"values,":[82],"find":[84],"that":[85,100],"controls":[86],"non-independence":[88,133,146],"rare.":[90],"When":[91],"do":[93],"control":[94,144],"our":[97],"simulations":[98],"suggest":[99],"most":[101],"commonly":[102],"used":[103],"methods":[104],"insufficient":[106],"reducing":[108],"positives":[110],"non-independent":[112],"data.":[113],"reanalyses":[115],"twelve":[117],"previous":[118],"correlations,":[120],"half":[121],"estimates":[124],"compatible":[126],"with":[127],"no":[128],"association":[129],"after":[130],"controlling":[131],"using":[134],"global":[135],"matrices.":[137],"We":[138],"urge":[139],"social":[140],"scientists":[141],"to":[142],"research.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-09-19T00:00:00"}