{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386799210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","title":"The Dollar and Gold: Which is the Safest Haven? COVID-19 Evidence","display_name":"The Dollar and Gold: Which is the Safest Haven? COVID-19 Evidence","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386799210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/eb-2023-0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188330","display_name":"Economics and Business","issn_l":"2256-0386","issn":["2256-0386","2256-0394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092886907","display_name":"Rahima Bousbia Salah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157185","display_name":"University of Eloued","ror":"https://ror.org/05416s909","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahima Bousbia Salah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092886908","display_name":"Hanane Beggat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-2029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-2029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157185","display_name":"University of Eloued","ror":"https://ror.org/05416s909","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanane Beggat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-2029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092886909","display_name":"Abdelkerim Debbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3477-3610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3477-3610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157185","display_name":"University of Eloued","ror":"https://ror.org/05416s909","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelkerim Debbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3477-3610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of ElOued , ElOued , Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092886907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4081,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71168736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10282","display_name":"Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-dollar","display_name":"US dollar","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-prices","display_name":"gold prices","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safe-haven","display_name":"safe haven","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-equilibrium-relationship","display_name":"long-run equilibrium relationship","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/johansen-cointegration","display_name":"Johansen cointegration","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-correction-model","display_name":"error correction model","score":0.859000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109168655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242988","display_name":"Liberian dollar","level":2,"score":0.7232792973518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6568728089332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.6313401460647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.6139205694198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.5609919428825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992712416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398532","display_name":"Safe haven","level":2,"score":0.5602444410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4971018135547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019931467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917","display_name":"Us dollar","level":3,"score":0.44974496960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.37229233980178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.36907434463500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.31443363428115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18270689249038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15770480036735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13869357109069824}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/eb-2023-0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188330","display_name":"Economics and Business","issn_l":"2256-0386","issn":["2256-0386","2256-0394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.eb.rtu.lv:article/212","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eb-journals.rtu.lv/eb/article/view/eb-2023-0007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188330","display_name":"Economics and Business","issn_l":"2256-0386","issn":["2256-0386","2256-0394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2256-0386","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4b200d6ac1242bdbeb04c7c42e2216b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4b200d6ac1242bdbeb04c7c42e2216b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economics and Business, Vol 37, Iss 1, Pp 104-118 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/eb-2023-0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/eb-2023-0007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188330","display_name":"Economics and Business","issn_l":"2256-0386","issn":["2256-0386","2256-0394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics and Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386799210.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386799210.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975994995","https://openalex.org/W2097580026","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2284683494","https://openalex.org/W2901364189","https://openalex.org/W2940931488","https://openalex.org/W3026031246","https://openalex.org/W3026661449","https://openalex.org/W3033445019","https://openalex.org/W3093430434","https://openalex.org/W3121782217","https://openalex.org/W3121940608","https://openalex.org/W3122493854","https://openalex.org/W3123598957","https://openalex.org/W3124192003","https://openalex.org/W3168257884","https://openalex.org/W3175862734","https://openalex.org/W3196266153","https://openalex.org/W3202885842","https://openalex.org/W4220952351","https://openalex.org/W4248074764","https://openalex.org/W4308345589","https://openalex.org/W4310776307","https://openalex.org/W6829017406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966145300","https://openalex.org/W7207617114","https://openalex.org/W4390787857","https://openalex.org/W7027095971","https://openalex.org/W4309763144","https://openalex.org/W4280542850","https://openalex.org/W3175862734","https://openalex.org/W4406595462","https://openalex.org/W7157092439","https://openalex.org/W4223549111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,8,15,22,54,68,83,87,92,105,119,132,136],"dynamic":[5],"correlation":[6],"between":[7,104,118],"US":[9,106],"dollar":[10,107,120],"and":[11,39,48,91,108,121],"gold":[12,109,122,128],"prices":[13],"during":[14],"coronavirus":[16],"pandemic":[17],"to":[18,60],"determine":[19],"which":[20],"of":[21,37,41,71,80],"two":[23],"assets":[24],"is":[25,112],"a":[26,77,100,113],"safer":[27],"haven":[28,134],"from":[29,44,56,67,135],"an":[30],"investor\u2019s":[31],"perspective.":[32,138],"The":[33,74,124],"research":[34],"utilises":[35],"methods":[36],"analysis":[38,79,98],"synthesis":[40],"theoretical":[42],"knowledge":[43],"published":[45],"articles,":[46],"literature,":[47],"official":[49],"statistics":[50],"websites.":[51,73],"Data":[52],"covering":[53],"period":[55],"January":[57],"1,":[58],"2020":[59],"May":[61],"26,":[62],"2021,":[63],"were":[64],"primarily":[65],"collected":[66],"latest":[69],"versions":[70],"these":[72],"study":[75],"includes":[76],"quantitative":[78],"variables,":[81],"including":[82],"Johansen":[84],"cointegration":[85],"test,":[86,90],"Granger":[88],"causality":[89,116],"error":[93],"correction":[94],"model.":[95],"Our":[96],"empirical":[97],"reveals":[99],"long-term":[101],"equilibrium":[102],"relationship":[103,117],"price.":[110,123],"There":[111],"oneway":[114],"inverse":[115],"results":[125],"indicate":[126],"that":[127],"can":[129],"be":[130],"considered":[131],"safest":[133],"investors\u2019":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2023-09-17T00:00:00"}
