{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386752196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","title":"Hyperglycemia as a Complication of COVID 19: An Observational Study","display_name":"Hyperglycemia as a Complication of COVID 19: An Observational Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386752196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","pdf_url":"https://jszmc.com/ojs/index.php/jszmc/article/download/234/125","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209027","display_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","issn_l":"2078-8274","issn":["2078-8274","2305-5235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://jszmc.com/ojs/index.php/jszmc/article/download/234/125","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028435012","display_name":"Hala Bashir Hashmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-9966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-9966"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273397","display_name":"Quaid-e-Azam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rxs6b95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala Bashir Hashmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112154996","display_name":"Humera Mubeen Afzal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254263","display_name":"Avicenna Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvvc641","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254263"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humera Mubeen Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Registrar Medicine, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Registrar Medicine, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100981930","display_name":"Sami Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273397","display_name":"Quaid-e-Azam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rxs6b95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor Pulmonology Department, QAMC, Bahawalpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor Pulmonology Department, QAMC, Bahawalpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053324611","display_name":"Javaria Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-3165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-3165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273397","display_name":"Quaid-e-Azam Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rxs6b95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaria Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor Medicine Department, QAMC, Bahawalpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor Medicine Department, QAMC, Bahawalpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110929152","display_name":"Attiqa Khalid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attiqa Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor Physiology Department, LMDC, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor Physiology Department, LMDC, Lahore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101924514","display_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-9588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-9588","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4225-9223","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9400-4333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50693808","display_name":"Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0358b9334","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50693808"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor Pathology Department, PIMS. Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor Pathology Department, PIMS. Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50693808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"3","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.6089000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.37130001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemia","display_name":"hyperglycemia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes","display_name":"prediabetes","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-blood-glucose","display_name":"random blood glucose","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalized-patients","display_name":"hospitalized patients","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-use","display_name":"steroid use","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-sex-distribution","display_name":"age and sex distribution","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.894467830657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","level":4,"score":0.8211327791213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.7098681330680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.6668479442596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6422843933105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6147091388702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6047935485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5845431089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4734962582588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623441","display_name":"Stress hyperglycemia","level":3,"score":0.4696257412433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780485761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275157","display_name":"Blood sugar","level":3,"score":0.4575658440589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.42768988013267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.34522491693496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.275579571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.22010433673858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.1721819043159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.08657342195510864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","pdf_url":"https://jszmc.com/ojs/index.php/jszmc/article/download/234/125","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209027","display_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","issn_l":"2078-8274","issn":["2078-8274","2305-5235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i4.234","pdf_url":"https://jszmc.com/ojs/index.php/jszmc/article/download/234/125","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209027","display_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","issn_l":"2078-8274","issn":["2078-8274","2305-5235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386752196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386752196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W275820159","https://openalex.org/W2470838351","https://openalex.org/W3012768742","https://openalex.org/W3024439234","https://openalex.org/W3090266652","https://openalex.org/W3119985384","https://openalex.org/W3124218749","https://openalex.org/W3129050743","https://openalex.org/W3164294216","https://openalex.org/W3170742498","https://openalex.org/W3198971744","https://openalex.org/W4297198978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293114660","https://openalex.org/W4388408688","https://openalex.org/W4320927458","https://openalex.org/W4401036848","https://openalex.org/W4390584170","https://openalex.org/W3158906947","https://openalex.org/W6949316464","https://openalex.org/W4411289230","https://openalex.org/W3215998578","https://openalex.org/W4404384957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Hyperglycemia":[1,190],"has":[2],"got":[3],"a":[4,36,50,144],"bidirectional":[5],"importance":[6],"in":[7,20,73,140],"COVID":[8,357],"19,":[9],"on":[10,28,61,152],"one":[11,303],"end":[12,31],"it":[13,32,288],"causes":[14],"aberrant":[15],"glycation":[16],"of":[17,38,40,52,91,106,131,196,207,219,238,295,315,356],"ACE":[18],"receptors":[19],"the":[21,29,41,96,141,353],"lungs":[22],"causing":[23],"more":[24,179],"severe":[25,66,188,252,344],"disease":[26,42,107,316],"and":[27,99,104,120,136,161,184,216,230,244,251,267,281,302,313,330,341],"other":[30],"may":[33],"occur":[34],"as":[35,95,108],"result":[37],"complications":[39],"itself.":[43],"Objectives:":[44],"To":[45],"determine":[46],"whether":[47],"hyperglycemia":[48,72,253,326,340],"is":[49,335],"complication":[51],"COVID-19.":[53],"Methods:":[54],"A":[55,129],"cross-sectional":[56],"observational":[57],"study":[58,142],"was":[59,93,191,277,289,306],"conducted":[60],"126":[62,132],"admitted,":[63],"moderate":[64,183,250,342],"to":[65,69,75,111,319,343,351],"COVID-19":[67,345],"patients,":[68],"observe":[70],"new-onset":[71,339],"relation":[74],"their":[76],"previous":[77],"glycemic":[78],"control":[79],"(glycated":[80],"hemoglobin":[81],"levels":[82],"HbA1c).":[83],"Blood":[84],"sugar":[85,168],"random":[86,166],"(BSR)":[87],"noted":[88],"at":[89],"time":[90],"admission":[92,153],"taken":[94],"dependent":[97],"variable":[98],"HbA1c,":[100,154,262,282],"body":[101],"mass":[102],"index":[103],"severity":[105,314],"independent":[109],"variables":[110],"find":[112],"out":[113,195,206,218],"association.":[114],"Patients":[115],"who":[116],"were":[117,124,157,163,237,247,294,300,317],"known":[118],"diabetic":[119,271],"already":[121],"taking":[122],"steroids":[123],"excluded":[125],"from":[126,200,211,222],"study.":[127],"Results:":[128],"total":[130],"patients":[133,156,172,199,210,256,287,299,305],"(66":[134],"male":[135,229],"60":[137],"female)":[138],"included":[139],"with":[143,323,327],"mean":[145],"age":[146,203,214,225],"56.9":[147],"yrs.":[148],"\u00b1":[149],"11.8.":[150],"Based":[151],"71(56.4%)":[155],"non-diabetic,":[158],"35(27.7%)":[159],"pre-diabetic,":[160],"20(15\u00b79%)":[162],"diabetic.":[164],"Initial":[165],"blood":[167],"revealed":[169],"overall":[170],"31(24.6%)":[171],"had":[173,177,182,187,233,260,264,270],"normoglycemia,":[174],"while":[175],"95(75.4%)":[176],"hyperglycemia,":[178],"precisely":[180],"67(53.2%)":[181],"28":[185,245],"(22.2%)":[186],"hyperglycemia.":[189,234],"observed":[192],"among":[193],"9":[194],"12":[197],"(75%)":[198],"20-39":[201],"years":[202,213,224],"group,":[204],"51":[205],"61":[208],"(83%)":[209],"40-59":[212],"group":[215],"35":[217],"53":[220],"(66%)":[221],"60-75":[223],"group.":[226],"Eighty":[227],"percent":[228],"76%":[231],"female":[232],"Nineteen":[235],"(15%)":[236],"normal":[239,296],"weight,":[240,297],"79":[241],"(62.8%)":[242],"overweight":[243,301],"(22\u00b72%)":[246],"obese.":[248,307],"The":[249],"for":[254],"95(75%)":[255],"showed":[257],"that":[258,291],"49(51\u00b76%)":[259],"non-diabetic":[261],"27(28\u00b74%)":[263],"prediabetes":[265],"HbA1c":[266],"19":[268],"(20%)":[269],"range":[272],"HbA1c.":[273],"Further":[274],"linear":[275],"association":[276,322,337],"determined":[278],"between":[279,338],"BSR":[280],"p<0\u2022001.":[283],"Among":[284],"31":[285],"normoglycemic":[286],"found":[290,318],"13(41.9%)":[292],"patient":[293],"17(54.8%)":[298],"(3.3%)":[304],"Moreover,":[308],"Body":[309],"Mass":[310],"Index":[311],"(BMI)":[312],"have":[320],"significant":[321],"new":[324],"onset":[325],"P":[328],"<0\u2219001":[329],"P=0\u221901":[331],"respectively.":[332],"Conclusion:":[333],"There":[334],"an":[336],"disease.":[346],"Follow-up":[347],"studies":[348],"are":[349],"required":[350],"prove":[352],"diabetogenic":[354],"effect":[355],"19.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-15T00:00:00"}
