{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386746263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","title":"Application of analgesics in emergency services in Germany: a survey of the medical directors","display_name":"Application of analgesics in emergency services in Germany: a survey of the medical directors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386746263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37710177","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10500886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S260102","display_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1471-227X","issn":["1471-227X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092872282","display_name":"Signe Vilcane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102125","display_name":"St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01arv1h94","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Signe Vilcane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092872283","display_name":"Olga Scharonow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102125","display_name":"St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01arv1h94","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Scharonow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Cloppenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Cloppenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111060191","display_name":"Christian Weilbach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102125","display_name":"St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01arv1h94","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Weilbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001559233","display_name":"Maximilian Scharonow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3008-9336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3008-9336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102125","display_name":"St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01arv1h94","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Scharonow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany. maximilian.scharonow@kh-clp.de","Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany. maximilian.scharonow@kh-clp.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, St. Josefs-Hospital Cloppenburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Krankenhausstrasse, 13, 49661, Cloppenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001559233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I4210102125"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":4.2137,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94244296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"104","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.7490000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.7490000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.11569999903440475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.08320000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehospital-analgesia","display_name":"prehospital analgesia","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-services","display_name":"emergency medical services","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-analgesics","display_name":"opioid analgesics","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-opioid-analgesics","display_name":"non-opioid analgesics","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"morphine","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketamine","display_name":"ketamine","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamizole","display_name":"dipyrone","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butylscopolamine","display_name":"butylscopolamine","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rescue-stations","display_name":"rescue stations","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-pain-management","display_name":"acute pain management","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-directors","display_name":"medical directors","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-coronary-syndrome","display_name":"acute coronary syndrome","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-pain","display_name":"back pain","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-pain","display_name":"trauma pain","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.946010947227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778808936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422761","display_name":"Metamizole","level":3,"score":0.6852075457572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243547","display_name":"Ketamine","level":2,"score":0.6212644577026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303646","display_name":"Hydromorphone","level":4,"score":0.6058878302574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.5462836027145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.5443248152732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.532991349697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781072394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541","display_name":"Fentanyl","level":2,"score":0.5237526893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.4932255148887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.46547290682792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.44429564476013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407535","display_name":"Oxycodone","level":4,"score":0.42171159386634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407592","display_name":"Tramadol","level":3,"score":0.42084410786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1432032585144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.10693687200546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000082","descriptor_name":"Acetaminophen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002086","descriptor_name":"Butylscopolammonium Bromide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004177","descriptor_name":"Dipyrone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005283","descriptor_name":"Fentanyl","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008486","descriptor_name":"Physician Executives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009022","descriptor_name":"Morphine Derivatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009266","descriptor_name":"Nalbuphine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010892","descriptor_name":"Pirinitramide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018712","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059787","descriptor_name":"Acute Pain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S260102","display_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1471-227X","issn":["1471-227X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10500886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10500886","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10500886/pdf/12873_2023_Article_878.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Emerg Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37710177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37710177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC emergency medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:115e49880db14b789eaa75dcc8c1ea93","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/115e49880db14b789eaa75dcc8c1ea93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","pdf_url":"https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-023-00878-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S260102","display_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1471-227X","issn":["1471-227X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386746263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386746263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25841999","https://openalex.org/W115657961","https://openalex.org/W1945213643","https://openalex.org/W1971482036","https://openalex.org/W1976406182","https://openalex.org/W2004190222","https://openalex.org/W2035344484","https://openalex.org/W2059285049","https://openalex.org/W2177964263","https://openalex.org/W2284882393","https://openalex.org/W2341735864","https://openalex.org/W2410043750","https://openalex.org/W2536556292","https://openalex.org/W2564771035","https://openalex.org/W2591804004","https://openalex.org/W2610487441","https://openalex.org/W2612112701","https://openalex.org/W2765737944","https://openalex.org/W2767217511","https://openalex.org/W2781039799","https://openalex.org/W2805469994","https://openalex.org/W2810100641","https://openalex.org/W2810252854","https://openalex.org/W2924466527","https://openalex.org/W2934148136","https://openalex.org/W2948835407","https://openalex.org/W2962721835","https://openalex.org/W2970948683","https://openalex.org/W2971693157","https://openalex.org/W2988898263","https://openalex.org/W3047562640","https://openalex.org/W3131348890","https://openalex.org/W7073821093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387772339","https://openalex.org/W2934148136","https://openalex.org/W4318339155","https://openalex.org/W4412196512","https://openalex.org/W6958567485","https://openalex.org/W7032709909","https://openalex.org/W2767217511","https://openalex.org/W4389135913","https://openalex.org/W6998631103","https://openalex.org/W2072451487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRAC:":[0],"BACKGROUND:":[1],"Treatment":[2],"of":[3,10,33,44,58,61,75,79,185,205,268,288,300,327,331,339,351,382,389,398],"acute":[4,206],"pain":[5,46,188,192,201,242],"is":[6,36,168,176,209,220,245,357],"an":[7,90],"essential":[8],"element":[9],"pre-hospital":[11],"care":[12],"for":[13,24,111,183,195,231,254,266,290,322,346,353,369,401],"injured":[14],"and":[15,55,115,137,158,190,199,235,284,287,295,304],"critically":[16],"ill":[17],"patients.":[18],"Clinical":[19],"studies":[20],"indicate":[21],"the":[22,27,39,51,56,59,76,80,99,177,212,217,246,269,278,301,314,319,332,336,347,374,380,387,390,396],"need":[23],"improvement":[25,377],"in":[26,42,48,84,120,126,372,379],"prehospital":[28,402],"analgesia.":[29],"OBJECTIVE:":[30],"The":[31,93,145,165,298,325,344],"aim":[32],"this":[34,127,385],"study":[35],"to":[37,63,171,226,276,310,360,376],"assess":[38],"current":[40],"situation":[41],"out":[43,88],"hospital":[45],"management":[47],"Germany":[49,85],"regarding":[50],"substances,":[52],"indications,":[53],"dosage":[54],"delegation":[57],"use":[60,277,354],"analgesics":[62,147,219,340,366],"emergency":[64,81,333],"medical":[65,77,328],"service":[66],"(EMS)":[67],"staff.":[68],"MATERIAL":[69],"AND":[70],"METHODS:":[71],"A":[72],"standardized":[73],"survey":[74],"directors":[78,329],"services":[82,334],"(MDES)":[83],"was":[86],"carried":[87],"using":[89,98],"online":[91],"questionnaire.":[92],"anonymous":[94],"results":[95],"were":[96],"evaluated":[97],"statistical":[100],"software":[101],"SPSS":[102],"(Chi-squared":[103],"test,":[104],"Mann-Whitney-U":[105],"test).":[106],"RESULTS:":[107],"Seventy-seven":[108],"MDES":[109],"responsible":[110],"989":[112],"rescue":[113,173],"stations":[114],"397":[116],"EMS-":[117],"physician":[118,271],"bases":[119],"15":[121],"federal":[122],"states":[123],"took":[124],"part":[125],"survey.":[128],"Morphine":[129,194,210,280],"(98.7%),":[130],"Fentanyl":[131,175],"(85.7%),":[132],"Piritramide":[133,282],"(61%),":[134],"Sufentanil":[135],"(18.2%)":[136],"Nalbuphine":[138,285],"(14,3%)":[139],"are":[140,161,274,316,367,404],"provided":[141,180,225,250,306],"as":[142,238,240,393,395],"opioid":[143,181],"analgesics.":[144],"non-opioid":[146,218],"(NOA)":[148],"including":[149],"Ketamine/Esketamine":[150,221],"(98,7%),":[151],"Metamizole":[152,230,253,296],"(88.3%),":[153],"Paracetamol":[154,293],"(66,2%),":[155],"Ibuprofen":[156],"(24,7%)":[157],"COX-2-inhibitors":[159],"(7,8%)":[160],"most":[162,172,178,223,248,302],"commonly":[163,179,305],"available.":[164],"antispasmodic":[166],"Butylscopolamine":[167,244],"available":[169,368],"(81,8%)":[170],"stations.":[174],"analgesic":[182,214,307],"treatment":[184,312],"a":[186,264,399],"traumatic":[187,228],"(70.1%)":[189,234],"back":[191,241],"(46.8%),":[193],"visceral":[196,232],"colic-like":[197,233,256],"(33.8%)":[198],"non-colic":[200,236],"(53.2%).":[202,363],"In":[203],"cases":[204],"coronary":[207],"syndrome":[208],"(85.7%)":[211],"leading":[213],"substance.":[215],"Among":[216],"(90.9%)":[222],"frequently":[224,249],"treat":[227],"pain,":[229],"(68.6%)":[237],"well":[239,394],"(41.6%).":[243],"second":[247],"medication":[251],"after":[252],"\"visceral":[255],"pain\"":[257],"(55.8%).":[258],"EMS":[259,270,370],"staff":[260,371],"(with":[261],"or":[262],"without":[263],"request":[265],"presence":[267],"on":[272],"site)":[273],"permitted":[275,309],"following:":[279],"(16.9%),":[281],"(13.0%)":[283],"(10.4%),":[286],"NOAs":[289],"(Es)Ketamine":[291],"(74.1%),":[292],"(53.3%)":[294],"(35.1%).":[297],"dosages":[299],"important":[303],"substances":[308],"independent":[311,337],"by":[313,341,355],"paramedics":[315,342,356],"often":[317],"below":[318],"recommended":[320],"range":[321],"adults":[323],"(RDE).":[324],"majority":[326],"(78.4%)":[330],"consider":[335],"application":[338],"sensible.":[343],"reason":[345],"relatively":[348],"rare":[349],"authorization":[350],"opioids":[352],"mainly":[358],"due":[359],"legal":[361,391],"(in)certainty":[362],"CONCLUSION:":[364],"Effective":[365],"Germany,":[373],"approach":[375],"lies":[378],"area":[381],"application.":[383],"For":[384],"purpose,":[386],"adaptations":[388],"framework":[392],"creation":[397],"guideline":[400],"analgesia":[403],"useful.":[405]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-09-15T00:00:00"}
