{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386742484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","title":"Data-Driven Methods for the State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Overview","display_name":"Data-Driven Methods for the State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Overview","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386742484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/forecast5030032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/5/3/32/pdf?version=1695004879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194518","display_name":"Forecasting","issn_l":"2571-9394","issn":["2571-9394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forecasting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/5/3/32/pdf?version=1695004879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023895200","display_name":"Panagiotis Eleftheriadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-2072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-2072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Eleftheriadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-2072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092590851","display_name":"Spyridon Giazitzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1906-468X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1906-468X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyridon Giazitzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017319","display_name":"Sonia Leva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-0034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-0034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Leva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-0034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000320100","display_name":"Emanu\u00e8le Ogliari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-0374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-0374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Ogliari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-0374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023895200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1557},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1557},"fwci":4.5193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95331889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"576","last_page":"599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge-estimation","display_name":"state of charge estimation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-driven-approach","display_name":"data-driven methods","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-management-systems","display_name":"battery management systems","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicles","display_name":"electric vehicles","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-hyperparameters","display_name":"neural network hyperparameters","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning-models","display_name":"deep learning models","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6744943261146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6455734968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6068493723869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.573479413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5509568452835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5208247900009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.43937426805496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.43596696853637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.43373504281044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.41621190309524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.21057286858558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14910075068473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14835789799690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14121004939079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07471132278442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/forecast5030032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/5/3/32/pdf?version=1695004879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194518","display_name":"Forecasting","issn_l":"2571-9394","issn":["2571-9394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forecasting","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1251662","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1251662","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1251662/1/forecasting-05-00032-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jforec:v:5:y:2023:i:3:p:32-599:d:1239485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/5/3/32/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a3dc736896e4e959eacb78dc9ac6d36","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a3dc736896e4e959eacb78dc9ac6d36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Forecasting, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 576-599 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/forecast5030032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast5030032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/5/3/32/pdf?version=1695004879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194518","display_name":"Forecasting","issn_l":"2571-9394","issn":["2571-9394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forecasting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386742484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386742484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331197271","https://openalex.org/W2019732711","https://openalex.org/W2098841048","https://openalex.org/W2120987608","https://openalex.org/W2167503549","https://openalex.org/W2186288137","https://openalex.org/W2511921906","https://openalex.org/W2535662815","https://openalex.org/W2559148811","https://openalex.org/W2613389393","https://openalex.org/W2773632845","https://openalex.org/W2774327138","https://openalex.org/W2776458183","https://openalex.org/W2791067576","https://openalex.org/W2795893907","https://openalex.org/W2804457427","https://openalex.org/W2885578090","https://openalex.org/W2900036448","https://openalex.org/W2907597838","https://openalex.org/W2909161607","https://openalex.org/W2920560441","https://openalex.org/W2921068663","https://openalex.org/W2922306207","https://openalex.org/W2940722387","https://openalex.org/W2941419825","https://openalex.org/W2941475335","https://openalex.org/W2953509133","https://openalex.org/W2955325445","https://openalex.org/W2959526377","https://openalex.org/W2973538758","https://openalex.org/W2984331380","https://openalex.org/W2992785100","https://openalex.org/W2999725011","https://openalex.org/W3009664539","https://openalex.org/W3010779281","https://openalex.org/W3012309884","https://openalex.org/W3012958665","https://openalex.org/W3019324730","https://openalex.org/W3023211159","https://openalex.org/W3028003652","https://openalex.org/W3033613562","https://openalex.org/W3035704836","https://openalex.org/W3042713179","https://openalex.org/W3084393668","https://openalex.org/W3093838722","https://openalex.org/W3111605943","https://openalex.org/W3112635583","https://openalex.org/W3127569604","https://openalex.org/W3138834873","https://openalex.org/W4200107191","https://openalex.org/W4292348294","https://openalex.org/W4311586200","https://openalex.org/W4367148989","https://openalex.org/W6756022225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155064800","https://openalex.org/W4292348417","https://openalex.org/W7161746781","https://openalex.org/W3047118866","https://openalex.org/W2973538758","https://openalex.org/W7083434481","https://openalex.org/W4407993097","https://openalex.org/W4385541703","https://openalex.org/W7163869372","https://openalex.org/W4414074045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,27],"a":[6],"noticeable":[7],"shift":[8],"towards":[9],"electric":[10],"mobility":[11],"and":[12,23,52,64,100,119,141],"an":[13],"increasing":[14],"emphasis":[15],"on":[16,83],"integrating":[17],"renewable":[18],"energy":[19],"sources.":[20],"Consequently,":[21],"batteries":[22],"their":[24],"management":[25],"have":[26,58],"prominent":[28],"in":[29,74,131],"this":[30],"context.":[31],"A":[32],"vital":[33],"aspect":[34],"of":[35,49,55,66,92,98,114,117,127,146],"the":[36,42,47,53,61,72,78,90,96,108,112,128,132,139,144],"BMS":[37],"revolves":[38],"around":[39,149],"accurately":[40],"determining":[41],"battery":[43,99],"pack\u2019s":[44],"SOC.":[45],"Notably,":[46],"advent":[48],"advanced":[50],"microcontrollers":[51],"availability":[54],"extensive":[56],"datasets":[57],"contributed":[59],"to":[60],"growing":[62],"popularity":[63],"practicality":[65],"data-driven":[67,84],"methodologies.":[68],"This":[69],"study":[70],"examines":[71],"developments":[73],"SOC":[75,147],"estimation":[76,85,145],"over":[77],"past":[79],"half-decade,":[80],"explicitly":[81],"focusing":[82],"techniques.":[86],"It":[87],"comprehensively":[88],"assesses":[89],"performance":[91],"each":[93],"algorithm,":[94],"considering":[95],"type":[97,116],"various":[101],"operational":[102],"conditions.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"intricate":[105],"details":[106],"concerning":[107],"models\u2019":[109],"hyperparameters,":[110],"including":[111],"number":[113],"layers,":[115],"optimiser,":[118],"neuron,":[120],"are":[121],"provided":[122],"for":[123,143],"thorough":[124],"examination.":[125],"Most":[126],"models":[129],"analysed":[130],"paper":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"strong":[135],"performance,":[136],"with":[137],"both":[138],"MAE":[140],"RMSE":[142],"hovering":[148],"2%":[150],"or":[151],"even":[152],"lower.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-09-15T00:00:00"}
