{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386686202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","title":"The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation","display_name":"The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386686202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37702017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571587","display_name":"He Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9090-1436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9090-1436","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-4818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102555159","display_name":"Zhaozeng Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaozeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109637916","display_name":"Xingchen Kang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingchen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017652215","display_name":"Bo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-2771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-2771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052920192","display_name":"Peihua Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-2052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-2052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihua Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-2052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101662029","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-6052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-6052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953496","display_name":"Qiaojun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaojun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101662029","https://openalex.org/A5101953496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":4278,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4278},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53441296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"196","issue":"2","first_page":"152","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-skin-model","display_name":"in vitro skin model","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternatives-to-animal-testing","display_name":"alternatives to animal testing","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-sensitization","display_name":"skin sensitization","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotoxicity-testing","display_name":"genotoxicity testing","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phototoxicity","display_name":"phototoxicity","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-testing","display_name":"chemical testing","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"drug development","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.6235575079917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.5572021007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994543053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239206","display_name":"Preclinical testing","level":2,"score":0.5240209698677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5120928287506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47014501690864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.470027893781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4490351676940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019129585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Skin irritation","level":2,"score":0.441959947347641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018346242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826986","display_name":"Skin sensitization","level":3,"score":0.43846020102500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33618052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6013136","display_name":"In vitro toxicology","level":3,"score":0.4173651933670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3960006535053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3929888904094696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3500159978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.23938113451004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23043569922447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.22061732411384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.21062880754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20454370975494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944828","display_name":"Sensitization","level":2,"score":0.13406190276145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09109795093536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000826","descriptor_name":"Animal Testing Alternatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004353","descriptor_name":"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007509","descriptor_name":"Irritants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017484","descriptor_name":"Dermatitis, Phototoxic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfad093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186282544","display_name":"Toxicological Sciences","issn_l":"1096-0929","issn":["1096-0929","1096-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37702017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37702017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology","raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3869068226","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u81f4\u75c5\u673a\u7406\u7684\u635f\u4f24\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u5e72\u9884\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LDT23H19015H19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8900662917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82204539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":209,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61220348","https://openalex.org/W120630557","https://openalex.org/W129251135","https://openalex.org/W154470822","https://openalex.org/W864757757","https://openalex.org/W1532206496","https://openalex.org/W1534292108","https://openalex.org/W1812122643","https://openalex.org/W1963666661","https://openalex.org/W1963828514","https://openalex.org/W1977656499","https://openalex.org/W1982175090","https://openalex.org/W1984693616","https://openalex.org/W1986281647","https://openalex.org/W1988248752","https://openalex.org/W1990005278","https://openalex.org/W2007420389","https://openalex.org/W2008810664","https://openalex.org/W2012081808","https://openalex.org/W2019665236","https://openalex.org/W2029509814","https://openalex.org/W2030109546","https://openalex.org/W2034825883","https://openalex.org/W2036009794","https://openalex.org/W2037761311","https://openalex.org/W2038518000","https://openalex.org/W2040088475","https://openalex.org/W2042194530","https://openalex.org/W2043366959","https://openalex.org/W2049601658","https://openalex.org/W2051348002","https://openalex.org/W2053632425","https://openalex.org/W2054326204","https://openalex.org/W2056147498","https://openalex.org/W2063509394","https://openalex.org/W2064287109","https://openalex.org/W2071225214","https://openalex.org/W2072247425","https://openalex.org/W2073092958","https://openalex.org/W2075924400","https://openalex.org/W2084641827","https://openalex.org/W2085504499","https://openalex.org/W2090221057","https://openalex.org/W2093229077","https://openalex.org/W2097673874","https://openalex.org/W2097695518","https://openalex.org/W2100054228","https://openalex.org/W2104750008","https://openalex.org/W2118281109","https://openalex.org/W2120299070","https://openalex.org/W2126786116","https://openalex.org/W2130774667","https://openalex.org/W2160864902","https://openalex.org/W2280309383","https://openalex.org/W2291170163","https://openalex.org/W2333854363","https://openalex.org/W2441337908","https://openalex.org/W2507483276","https://openalex.org/W2517221571","https://openalex.org/W2545137705","https://openalex.org/W2550854745","https://openalex.org/W2556373707","https://openalex.org/W2560808992","https://openalex.org/W2582273325","https://openalex.org/W2604184065","https://openalex.org/W2605523477","https://openalex.org/W2621963256","https://openalex.org/W2622237865","https://openalex.org/W2696945120","https://openalex.org/W2724514301","https://openalex.org/W2726761471","https://openalex.org/W2735557231","https://openalex.org/W2739121481","https://openalex.org/W2739862787","https://openalex.org/W2742248339","https://openalex.org/W2744023218","https://openalex.org/W2744274374","https://openalex.org/W2755767958","https://openalex.org/W2757938365","https://openalex.org/W2769504674","https://openalex.org/W2770714340","https://openalex.org/W2771121740","https://openalex.org/W2772358396","https://openalex.org/W2782389018","https://openalex.org/W2782402231","https://openalex.org/W2785488353","https://openalex.org/W2791693992","https://openalex.org/W2794301983","https://openalex.org/W2801281767","https://openalex.org/W2802717022","https://openalex.org/W2802723594","https://openalex.org/W2804258553","https://openalex.org/W2808829778","https://openalex.org/W2884546803","https://openalex.org/W2885562489","https://openalex.org/W2886284482","https://openalex.org/W2887131988","https://openalex.org/W2888778077","https://openalex.org/W2892288216","https://openalex.org/W2895504481","https://openalex.org/W2899041930","https://openalex.org/W2902550428","https://openalex.org/W2905172266","https://openalex.org/W2914476434","https://openalex.org/W2914968210","https://openalex.org/W2920810540","https://openalex.org/W2928912622","https://openalex.org/W2936039929","https://openalex.org/W2937797798","https://openalex.org/W2946631364","https://openalex.org/W2947103912","https://openalex.org/W2953584074","https://openalex.org/W2955055518","https://openalex.org/W2963914173","https://openalex.org/W2965238520","https://openalex.org/W2966236039","https://openalex.org/W2969502145","https://openalex.org/W2970663562","https://openalex.org/W2972057731","https://openalex.org/W2972787778","https://openalex.org/W2979806580","https://openalex.org/W2980693842","https://openalex.org/W2982225732","https://openalex.org/W2991149675","https://openalex.org/W2995967565","https://openalex.org/W2998941928","https://openalex.org/W2999344289","https://openalex.org/W3000669663","https://openalex.org/W3000735201","https://openalex.org/W3012415380","https://openalex.org/W3016797498","https://openalex.org/W3017834715","https://openalex.org/W3020444883","https://openalex.org/W3029208388","https://openalex.org/W3032142305","https://openalex.org/W3033163803","https://openalex.org/W3033485776","https://openalex.org/W3046234607","https://openalex.org/W3046652026","https://openalex.org/W3046940812","https://openalex.org/W3048305351","https://openalex.org/W3082151918","https://openalex.org/W3087454342","https://openalex.org/W3088643592","https://openalex.org/W3092890663","https://openalex.org/W3096897083","https://openalex.org/W3105408810","https://openalex.org/W3105715144","https://openalex.org/W3112247610","https://openalex.org/W3112833379","https://openalex.org/W3117091391","https://openalex.org/W3117269578","https://openalex.org/W3120428759","https://openalex.org/W3120633623","https://openalex.org/W3121135815","https://openalex.org/W3129031812","https://openalex.org/W3131314974","https://openalex.org/W3138699713","https://openalex.org/W3149206400","https://openalex.org/W3155861059","https://openalex.org/W3156464714","https://openalex.org/W3163693538","https://openalex.org/W3163696238","https://openalex.org/W3164143798","https://openalex.org/W3165182033","https://openalex.org/W3168867395","https://openalex.org/W3173441067","https://openalex.org/W3173960448","https://openalex.org/W3178353381","https://openalex.org/W3183401903","https://openalex.org/W3187258883","https://openalex.org/W3193474374","https://openalex.org/W3194092109","https://openalex.org/W3194880279","https://openalex.org/W3201281091","https://openalex.org/W3201852777","https://openalex.org/W3202041600","https://openalex.org/W3205956676","https://openalex.org/W3206297678","https://openalex.org/W3209195206","https://openalex.org/W3212526252","https://openalex.org/W4205571820","https://openalex.org/W4206164059","https://openalex.org/W4206907497","https://openalex.org/W4211015656","https://openalex.org/W4212844166","https://openalex.org/W4214688006","https://openalex.org/W4214884351","https://openalex.org/W4220659425","https://openalex.org/W4220707251","https://openalex.org/W4221074687","https://openalex.org/W4225100591","https://openalex.org/W4225286972","https://openalex.org/W4232117084","https://openalex.org/W4280525675","https://openalex.org/W4280634095","https://openalex.org/W4281254501","https://openalex.org/W4283457976","https://openalex.org/W4285677457","https://openalex.org/W4286493412","https://openalex.org/W4286577331","https://openalex.org/W4286750388","https://openalex.org/W4288053714","https://openalex.org/W4291892050","https://openalex.org/W4293859712","https://openalex.org/W4294204187","https://openalex.org/W4317870981","https://openalex.org/W4361008884","https://openalex.org/W6602294445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979806580","https://openalex.org/W4415295419","https://openalex.org/W2517221571","https://openalex.org/W2974092528","https://openalex.org/W4401486232","https://openalex.org/W4391914505","https://openalex.org/W3172971274","https://openalex.org/W1925741418","https://openalex.org/W2012197116","https://openalex.org/W7125534623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69],"FDA":[1],"Modernization":[2],"Act":[3],"2.0":[4],"has":[5],"brought":[6],"nonclinical":[7],"drug":[8,27,34,38,169,201],"evaluation":[9],"into":[10],"a":[11,184],"new":[12],"era.":[13],"In":[14],"vitro":[15,54,76,134,189],"models":[16,56],"are":[17,57],"widely":[18],"used":[19],"and":[20,29,36,40,47,102,118,148,151,168,198,203],"play":[21],"an":[22,153],"important":[23],"role":[24],"in":[25,53,65,75,133,159,173,188,200],"modern":[26],"development":[28,202],"evaluation,":[30],"including":[31,171],"early":[32],"candidate":[33],"screening":[35,149],"preclinical":[37],"efficacy":[39],"toxicity":[41],"assessment.":[42],"Driven":[43],"by":[44,49],"regulatory":[45],"steering":[46],"facilitated":[48],"well-defined":[50],"physiology,":[51],"novel":[52],"skin":[55,77,95,104,135,176,190],"emerging":[58],"rapidly,":[59],"becoming":[60],"the":[61,90,93,98,107,121,131,163,180],"most":[62],"advanced":[63],"area":[64],"alternative":[66],"testing":[67,167,172],"research.":[68],"revolutionary":[70],"technologies":[71],"bring":[72],"us":[73],"many":[74],"models,":[78,136],"either":[79],"laboratory-developed":[80],"or":[81],"commercially":[82],"available,":[83],"which":[84],"were":[85],"all":[86],"built":[87],"to":[88,96,111,129,192],"emulate":[89],"structure":[91],"of":[92,165],"natural":[94],"recapitulate":[97],"skin's":[99],"physiological":[100],"function":[101],"particular":[103],"pathology.":[105],"During":[106],"model":[108,191,195],"development,":[109,170],"how":[110],"achieve":[112],"balance":[113],"among":[114],"complexity,":[115,145],"accessibility,":[116],"capability,":[117],"cost-effectiveness":[119],"remains":[120],"core":[122],"challenge":[123],"for":[124,187],"researchers.":[125],"This":[126],"review":[127,181],"attempts":[128],"introduce":[130],"existing":[132],"align":[137],"them":[138],"on":[139,155],"different":[140],"dimensions,":[141],"such":[142],"as":[143],"structural":[144],"functional":[146],"maturity,":[147],"throughput,":[150],"provide":[152],"update":[154],"their":[156],"current":[157],"application":[158],"various":[160],"scenarios":[161],"within":[162],"scope":[164],"chemical":[166],"genotoxicity,":[174],"phototoxicity,":[175],"sensitization,":[177],"corrosion/irritation.":[178],"Overall,":[179],"will":[182],"summarize":[183],"general":[185],"strategy":[186],"enhance":[193],"future":[194],"invention,":[196],"application,":[197],"translation":[199],"evaluation.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-09-13T00:00:00"}
