{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386656771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","title":"Are 2020\u2019s medical students still suffering from gender stereotypes? An Italian study","display_name":"Are 2020\u2019s medical students still suffering from gender stereotypes? An Italian study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386656771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/31/Supplement_3/ckab164.884/40780273/ckab164.884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/31/Supplement_3/ckab164.884/40780273/ckab164.884.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044707538","display_name":"Edoardo Boietti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-4491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-4491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Boietti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091911315","display_name":"Fabrizio Bert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-9028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-9028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Bert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017170590","display_name":"Maria Rosaria Gualano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-2892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-2892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M R Gualano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031411469","display_name":"Erika Pompili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-838X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-838X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Pompili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027403348","display_name":"Stefano Rousset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-7209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-7209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Rousset","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054596699","display_name":"Eleonora Franzini Tibaldeo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Franzini Tibaldeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024686238","display_name":"R Tatti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Tatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073606141","display_name":"Roberta Siliquini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-3965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-3965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Siliquini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044707538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":2596,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3173},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"Supplement_3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotypes","display_name":"gender stereotypes","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-in-medicine","display_name":"gender and medicine","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-consciousness","display_name":"gender awareness","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-role-ideology","display_name":"gender role ideology","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-sensitive-care","display_name":"gender-sensitive care","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-health","display_name":"gender differences in health","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality-in-medicine","display_name":"gender equality in medicine","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality-in-health-care","display_name":"gender equality in health care","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality","display_name":"gender equality","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018647154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48277","display_name":"Male gender","level":2,"score":0.605373740196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.575352668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.5731968879699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.565710186958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992299759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equality","level":2,"score":0.5312172174453735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5530954","display_name":"Gender analysis","level":2,"score":0.488786906003952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992626547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11491601","display_name":"Gender disparity","level":2,"score":0.4646994471549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3821261525154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35466116666793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2991659939289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1967194676399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0917176604270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.07967299222946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/31/Supplement_3/ckab164.884/40780273/ckab164.884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.884","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/31/Supplement_3/ckab164.884/40780273/ckab164.884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386656771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386656771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206207876","https://openalex.org/W6944210390","https://openalex.org/W7046878027","https://openalex.org/W4386656944","https://openalex.org/W3030817292","https://openalex.org/W2239224944","https://openalex.org/W7220867657","https://openalex.org/W4385717005","https://openalex.org/W4399054052","https://openalex.org/W7002018557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Gender":[2,69,257],"medicine":[3,28,158,193,228,316,342],"is":[4,23,35],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,25,36,75,96,205,273,288,339,348,354],"reduce":[7,349],"health":[8],"inequalities":[9],"in":[10,43,72,326,333,346],"Europe.":[11],"Knowledge":[12],"about":[13,314],"medical":[14,45,56,330],"students'":[15],"attitudes":[16],"and":[17,21,40,80,131,164,199,241,265,283,311,352],"beliefs":[18],"regarding":[19],"sex":[20,235],"gender":[22,27,38,77,81,101,123,157,192,206,227,277,296,315,324,341,350],"important":[24],"improve":[26],"courses.":[29],"The":[30,113],"aim":[31],"of":[32,61,100,115,122,215,226,295,329],"this":[33],"study":[34,54],"evaluate":[37],"awareness":[39],"its":[41],"predictors":[42,99,214],"Italian":[44],"students.":[46,331],"Methods":[47],"During":[48,262],"2020,":[49],"we":[50],"performed":[51,95],"a":[52,119,153,188,202,223],"cross-sectional":[53],"among":[55],"students":[57,117,150],"from":[58,171],"the":[59,66,108,293],"University":[60],"Turin,":[62],"Italy.":[63],"We":[64],"used":[65],"validated":[67],"Nijmegen":[68],"Awareness":[70],"Scale":[71],"Medicine":[73],"(N-GAMS)":[74],"investigate":[76],"sensitivity":[78],"(GS)":[79],"role":[82],"ideology":[83],"towards":[84,219,254],"patients":[85],"(GRIP)":[86],"or":[87],"doctors":[88],"(GRID).":[89],"Multivariable":[90],"logistic":[91],"regression":[92],"model":[93],"was":[94,320],"explore":[97],"potential":[98],"awareness.":[102],"Results":[103],"Globally,":[104],"430":[105],"participants":[106],"completed":[107],"survey":[109],"(68.4%":[110],"were":[111,178,213,249],"females).":[112],"62.5%":[114],"male":[116,234],"had":[118,140,152,201,222],"poor":[120],"knowledge":[121,155,190,310],"medicine.":[124],"GRID":[125],"score":[126],"significantly":[127],"differs":[128],"between":[129],"males":[130],"females":[132],"(1.64\u00b10.68":[133],"vs":[134],"1.51\u00b10.49;":[135],"p":[136,146,161,175,185,196,210,231,238,246],"=":[137],"0.028).":[138],"Males":[139],"lower":[141],"GS":[142],"scores":[143],"(coefB":[144,159,173,183,194,208,229,236,244],"-0.96,":[145],"<":[147,162,176,186,197,211,232,239,247],"0.05),":[148,187,233],"while":[149],"who":[151,166],"better":[154,189,290,355],"on":[156,191],"0.14,":[160,174],"0.05)":[163,177,198,212,240,248],"those":[165],"have":[167],"received":[168],"good":[169],"example":[170],"tutors":[172],"more":[179,216,252,268,309,312,344],"gender-sensitive.":[180],"Older":[181],"age":[182,243],"0.04,":[184],"0.12,":[195,237],"having":[200],"tutor":[203,224],"sensitive":[204],"issues":[207],"0.13,":[209],"stereotyped":[217,276],"opinions":[218],"patients.":[220],"Having":[221],"aware":[225],"0.03,":[230,245],"older":[242],"associated":[250,321],"with":[251,322],"stereotypes":[253,258,325,351],"doctors.":[255],"Conclusions":[256],"are":[259,279,337],"still":[260],"common.":[261],"university":[263,318,335],"courses":[264,301],"practical":[266],"training":[267],"attention":[269,313],"must":[270],"be":[271,303],"paid":[272],"explain":[274],"that":[275],"differences":[278],"not":[280,286],"scientifically":[281],"proven":[282],"they":[284],"do":[285],"contribute":[287,353],"provide":[289],"care.":[291,356],"Therefore,":[292],"implementation":[294],"specific":[297],"teaching":[298],"throughout":[299],"elective":[300],"should":[302],"seriously":[304],"considered.":[305],"Key":[306],"messages":[307],"Receiving":[308],"during":[317],"education":[319,336,343],"higher":[323],"our":[327],"sample":[328],"Interventions":[332],"European":[334],"needed":[338],"make":[340],"effective":[345],"order":[347]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-09-13T00:00:00"}