{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386632307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","title":"Wildfire worsens population exposure to PM2.5 pollution in the Continental United States","display_name":"Wildfire worsens population exposure to PM2.5 pollution in the Continental United States","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386632307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951346","display_name":"Danlu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9233-2162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9233-2162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danlu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390314","display_name":"Wenhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-7516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-7516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101243425","display_name":"Yuzhi Xi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhi Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University","Emory University Jianzhao Bi University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Jianzhao Bi University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002516787","display_name":"Jianzhao Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-6927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-6927"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhao Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027110619","display_name":"Yun Hang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101493235","display_name":"Qingyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074070013","display_name":"Qiang Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000225915","display_name":"Howard H. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-1640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-1640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355638","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2186","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2020-2870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.12460000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.052299998700618744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildfire-smoke","display_name":"wildfire smoke","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality","display_name":"air quality","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-exposure","display_name":"population exposure","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonattainment-areas","display_name":"nonattainment areas","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-ambient-air-quality-standards","display_name":"National Ambient Air Quality Standards","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risks","display_name":"health risks","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.8651623725891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7515217065811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.7511906623840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.5700658559799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776119857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970339","display_name":"National Ambient Air Quality Standards","level":3,"score":0.5240007638931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.47119709849357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46392783522605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.44796493649482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.43364885449409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3499133586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29347723722457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.141964852809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06192097067832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3345091/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000892394","display_name":"The impact of wildfire smoke exposure on cardiovascular health in the western US","funder_award_id":"R01ES034175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1987027200","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2045549602","https://openalex.org/W2099596680","https://openalex.org/W2140282454","https://openalex.org/W2150751323","https://openalex.org/W2167144335","https://openalex.org/W2284041255","https://openalex.org/W2290155135","https://openalex.org/W2340812225","https://openalex.org/W2416278194","https://openalex.org/W2475217919","https://openalex.org/W2522922482","https://openalex.org/W2566824844","https://openalex.org/W2777948235","https://openalex.org/W2804201186","https://openalex.org/W2884805319","https://openalex.org/W2896320754","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913873397","https://openalex.org/W2942854102","https://openalex.org/W2972680888","https://openalex.org/W3000363797","https://openalex.org/W3039706990","https://openalex.org/W3109504479","https://openalex.org/W3157992522","https://openalex.org/W3198643922","https://openalex.org/W3202318132","https://openalex.org/W4207069155","https://openalex.org/W4214625119","https://openalex.org/W4296635592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388522167","https://openalex.org/W4405171894","https://openalex.org/W7161053547","https://openalex.org/W4296635592","https://openalex.org/W2948502399","https://openalex.org/W4414945997","https://openalex.org/W3186958662","https://openalex.org/W4399302964","https://openalex.org/W3198643922","https://openalex.org/W3087568113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"wildfires":[2,195],"become":[3],"more":[4,101,121],"frequent":[5],"and":[6,47,78,147],"intense,":[7],"fire":[8,45,80,173,176],"smoke":[9,27,46,58,81,122,177],"has":[10,59],"significantly":[11],"worsened":[12],"ambient":[13,133],"air":[14,29,65,92,134,197],"quality,":[15,30],"posing":[16],"greater":[17],"health":[18],"risks.":[19],"To":[20],"better":[21],"understand":[22],"the":[23,51,60,68,73,110,131,159,170,190],"impact":[24,63,123,178,193],"of":[25,89,112,158,194],"wildfire":[26,57],"on":[28,64,196],"we":[31],"developed":[32],"a":[33],"modeling":[34],"system":[35],"to":[36,43,119,126,144,156,185,187],"estimate":[37],"daily":[38,83],"PM":[39,84,141],"2.5":[40,85,142],"concentrations":[41,86,143],"attributed":[42],"both":[44],"non-smoke":[48],"sources":[49],"across":[50],"Continental":[52],"U.S.":[53,75],"We":[54],"found":[55],"that":[56],"most":[61],"significant":[62,191],"quality":[66,135],"in":[67,94,153,163],"West":[69],"Coast,":[70],"followed":[71],"by":[72],"Southeastern":[74],"Between":[76],"2007":[77],"2018,":[79],"affected":[82],"at":[87],"40%":[88,157],"all":[90],"regulatory":[91],"monitors":[93,161],"EPA's":[95],"Air":[96],"Quality":[97],"System":[98],"(AQS)":[99],"for":[100,138],"than":[102],"one":[103],"month":[104],"each":[105],"year.":[106],"People":[107],"residing":[108,128],"outside":[109],"vicinity":[111],"an":[113],"EPA":[114],"AQS":[115,160],"monitor":[116],"were":[117],"subject":[118],"36%":[120],"days":[124],"compared":[125],"those":[127],"nearby.":[129],"Lowering":[130],"national":[132],"standard":[136],"(NAAQS)":[137],"annual":[139],"mean":[140],"between":[145],"9":[146],"10":[148],"\u00b5g/m":[149],"3":[150],"would":[151,183],"result":[152],"approximately":[154],"29%":[155],"falling":[162],"nonattainment":[164],"areas":[165],"without":[166],"taking":[167],"into":[168],"account":[169],"contribution":[171],"from":[172],"smoke.":[174],"When":[175],"is":[179],"considered,":[180],"this":[181],"percentage":[182],"rise":[184],"35%":[186],"49%,":[188],"demonstrating":[189],"negative":[192],"quality.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-13T00:00:00"}