{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386587515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","title":"A Comparative Study of Basic Science Process Skills of Science Students at Higher Secondary Level in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Basic Science Process Skills of Science Students at Higher Secondary Level in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386587515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jpii/article/download/37775/14589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jpii/article/download/37775/14589","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085585521","display_name":"Mohammad Wahid Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-785X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-785X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181355716","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vympt94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017487432","display_name":"Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-5964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-5964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181355716","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vympt94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. R. Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allama Iqbal Open University,Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allama Iqbal Open University,Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Sultan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head of Department (Education)\nAssistant Professor \nAir University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head of Department (Education)\nAssistant Professor \nAir University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2750000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":180},"apc_paid":{"value":2750000,"currency":"IDR","value_usd":180},"fwci":2.9534,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9192401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"276","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.2272000014781952,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14376","display_name":"Science and Education Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-process-skills","display_name":"science process skills","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-skills","display_name":"observation skills","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-skills","display_name":"communication skills","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-skills","display_name":"measurement skills","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-skills","display_name":"relationship skills","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-and-private-schools","display_name":"public and private schools","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics-education","display_name":"physics education","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-secondary-students","display_name":"higher secondary students","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rawalpindi","display_name":"Rawalpindi","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176734034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259432","display_name":"Worksheet","level":2,"score":0.8059492111206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.664988100528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.653285026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5944004058837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5239006280899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.47737523913383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4609850347042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.44556182622909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3734082579612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.264301061630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13946837186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12072339653968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11627539992332458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jpii/article/download/37775/14589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/3t9x1-wkp95","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/3t9x1-wkp95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/3t9x1-wkp95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/zh6zj-7ae80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zh6zj-7ae80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/zh6zj-7ae80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i3.37775","pdf_url":"https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jpii/article/download/37775/14589","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736672052","display_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","issn_l":"2089-4392","issn":["2089-4392","2339-1286"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315184","host_organization_name":"State University of Semarang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315184"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["State University of Semarang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386587515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386587515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520659921","https://openalex.org/W1575286621","https://openalex.org/W1972733553","https://openalex.org/W2030810983","https://openalex.org/W2053803346","https://openalex.org/W2090988218","https://openalex.org/W2092975108","https://openalex.org/W2117690228","https://openalex.org/W2152350775","https://openalex.org/W2167330748","https://openalex.org/W2471660247","https://openalex.org/W2760357002","https://openalex.org/W2770037900","https://openalex.org/W2771796403","https://openalex.org/W2800124797","https://openalex.org/W2804935221","https://openalex.org/W2901965567","https://openalex.org/W2903448995","https://openalex.org/W2963630881","https://openalex.org/W2972723439","https://openalex.org/W2991027549","https://openalex.org/W2999189389","https://openalex.org/W3005889396","https://openalex.org/W3015183423","https://openalex.org/W3040362358","https://openalex.org/W3043731920","https://openalex.org/W3046240792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216256792","https://openalex.org/W4404589615","https://openalex.org/W4313346656","https://openalex.org/W3009688766","https://openalex.org/W4296360600","https://openalex.org/W2120962020","https://openalex.org/W2796122917","https://openalex.org/W2149250932","https://openalex.org/W4312802180","https://openalex.org/W3016040896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Science":[0],"process":[1,88,106,122,151,253,321],"skills":[2,123,152,254,289,322],"(SPS)":[3],"had":[4],"a":[5,83,247],"pivotal":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,18,44,68,75,120,222,250,282,300],"scientific":[9,35],"investigation.":[10,36],"SPS":[11,26,41,214],"are":[12,42],"very":[13],"important":[14],"to":[15,31,97,109,135,228,279,294,319,334],"be":[16,280,332],"developed":[17],"science":[19,45,76,87,105,121,150,252,320,329],"learning":[20],"because":[21],"with":[22],"the":[23,38,63,69,111,125,137,143,169,176,181,188,230,241,263,283,296,301],"help":[24],"of":[25,50,71,86,93,101,113,140,148,180,183,204,213,232,240,255,269,271,285,298,303,328,340],"students":[27,58,67,81,119,218,261,276,299,325],"develop":[28],"their":[29],"thoughts":[30],"make":[32],"discoveries":[33],"using":[34],"In":[37,47,142],"21st":[39],"century":[40],"needed":[43],"learning.":[46,341],"Pakistan":[48],"results":[49],"many":[51],"studies":[52],"showed":[53],"that":[54,244,312,324],"private":[55,116,177,235,258,274],"sector":[56,65],"institutes\u2019":[57,66],"were":[59,158,185,219],"performing":[60,220],"better":[61],"than":[62],"public":[64,114,170,233,256,272],"subject":[70],"science.":[72],"Better":[73],"performance":[74,102,112,231,270,297],"is":[77,310],"only":[78],"possible":[79],"when":[80,217],"have":[82],"high":[84],"level":[85,100,139],"skills.":[89,307],"The":[90,238,266],"main":[91],"purpose":[92],"this":[94,338],"study":[95,145],"was":[96,133,215,226,246,277],"determine":[98],"students\u2019":[99],"on":[103,201,337],"basic":[104,149,251],"skill":[107,138],"and":[108,115,156,173,198,234,257,273,287,305,326],"compare":[110,136,229],"school":[117,171,178,209,236,259,275],"Physics":[118],"at":[124,206,262],"H.S.S.C.":[126],"level.":[127,211,265],"A":[128],"Simple":[129],"comparative":[130],"research":[131,242],"design":[132],"used":[134,194],"students.":[141,237],"present":[144],"four":[146,202],"aspects,":[147],"(Observation,":[153],"Communication,":[154],"Measurement,":[155],"Relationship)":[157],"observed.":[159],"Through":[160],"purposive":[161],"sampling":[162],"technique":[163],"two":[164],"top-level":[165],"colleges,":[166],"one":[167,174],"from":[168,175],"system":[172,179,314],"city":[182],"Rawalpindi,":[184],"selected":[186],"for":[187],"study.":[189],"For":[190],"data":[191],"collection":[192],"researcher":[193],"an":[195],"observation":[196,286],"sheet":[197],"worksheet":[199],"based":[200],"experiments":[203,221],"physics":[205,260],"higher":[207],"secondary":[208],"certificate":[210],"Measurement":[212],"done":[216],"practical":[223],"labs.":[224],"t-test":[225],"employed":[227],"result":[239],"stated":[243],"there":[245],"significant":[248],"difference":[249],"H.S.S.C":[264],"mean":[267],"score":[268],"observed":[278],"good":[281],"aspects":[284,302],"relationship":[288],"but":[290],"still":[291],"teachers":[292],"need":[293],"improve":[295],"communication":[304],"measurement":[306],"Further":[308],"it":[309],"recommended":[311],"exam":[313],"may":[315,331],"give":[316],"more":[317,336],"weightage":[318],"so":[323],"teacher":[327],"subjects":[330],"able":[333],"concentrate":[335],"aspect":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-09-11T00:00:00"}
