{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386565639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","title":"Testing the income-finance-trade-environment nexus based on the ecological load capacity factor: Frequency-domain causality evidence from Nigeria","display_name":"Testing the income-finance-trade-environment nexus based on the ecological load capacity factor: Frequency-domain causality evidence from Nigeria","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386565639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37810113","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10558819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042622851","display_name":"Benedette Nneka Okezie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155461","display_name":"Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike","ror":"https://ror.org/04thacr56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedette Nneka Okezie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011097751","display_name":"Chinazaekpere Nwani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-1833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-1833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155461","display_name":"Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike","ror":"https://ror.org/04thacr56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chinazaekpere Nwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-1833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Development Studies, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092831279","display_name":"Hilary Ikechukwu Nnam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155461","display_name":"Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike","ror":"https://ror.org/04thacr56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilary Ikechukwu Nnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009178687","display_name":"Onuoha Ijeoma Perpetua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155461","display_name":"Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike","ror":"https://ror.org/04thacr56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perpetual Ijeoma Onuoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accountancy Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011097751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155461"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":3.3574,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92640218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"e19584","last_page":"e19584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.023600000888109207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-capacity-curve-hypothesis","display_name":"load capacity curve hypothesis","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-development","display_name":"financial development","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-sustainability","display_name":"environmental sustainability","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-resilience","display_name":"ecosystem resilience","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780481019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349471","display_name":"Kuznets curve","level":2,"score":0.7629073858261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.696056604385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.6288279294967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.6089890003204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159009313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283159","display_name":"Distributed lag","level":2,"score":0.5674813985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.5604758262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.5044234991073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47042226791381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.4597359895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4289349913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.41458195447921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.41206127405166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.32784903049468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2999880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10360366106033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10558819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10558819","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10558819/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37810113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37810113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c0f06e73c0e434a8dc32b4f27768cb1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c0f06e73c0e434a8dc32b4f27768cb1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 9, Pp e19584- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386565639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386565639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1991004523","https://openalex.org/W1994045802","https://openalex.org/W2003750580","https://openalex.org/W2024828896","https://openalex.org/W2024923107","https://openalex.org/W2025371899","https://openalex.org/W2046510663","https://openalex.org/W2065747393","https://openalex.org/W2094864810","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2115768128","https://openalex.org/W2124265708","https://openalex.org/W2150560679","https://openalex.org/W2150653587","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2164451921","https://openalex.org/W2271942283","https://openalex.org/W2530821885","https://openalex.org/W2785400778","https://openalex.org/W2904812166","https://openalex.org/W2918560367","https://openalex.org/W2921116988","https://openalex.org/W2945048691","https://openalex.org/W2968508705","https://openalex.org/W3015977000","https://openalex.org/W3042675661","https://openalex.org/W3196429046","https://openalex.org/W3198351120","https://openalex.org/W3198424680","https://openalex.org/W3202703172","https://openalex.org/W4205546298","https://openalex.org/W4206079015","https://openalex.org/W4212932423","https://openalex.org/W4213134007","https://openalex.org/W4225143874","https://openalex.org/W4225275158","https://openalex.org/W4229363958","https://openalex.org/W4229443346","https://openalex.org/W4280552504","https://openalex.org/W4281739248","https://openalex.org/W4285676740","https://openalex.org/W4292429870","https://openalex.org/W4292466655","https://openalex.org/W4293842423","https://openalex.org/W4306884841","https://openalex.org/W4307643587","https://openalex.org/W4307724064","https://openalex.org/W4308075712","https://openalex.org/W4310355008","https://openalex.org/W4311173155","https://openalex.org/W4312084338","https://openalex.org/W4312193509","https://openalex.org/W4313461912","https://openalex.org/W4313678815","https://openalex.org/W4313891938","https://openalex.org/W4316136339","https://openalex.org/W4317679612","https://openalex.org/W4317932816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206079015","https://openalex.org/W4411665071","https://openalex.org/W7136342200","https://openalex.org/W7221326915","https://openalex.org/W4407896613","https://openalex.org/W4409508347","https://openalex.org/W3015977000","https://openalex.org/W2591265539","https://openalex.org/W3131740919","https://openalex.org/W4402097071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"ensure":[1],"sustainable":[2],"development,":[3,32],"it":[4],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"that":[7,90,130,199],"the":[8,27,36,50,66,73,84,91,104,117,140,156,168,180,190,196,202,214,224,229],"consumption":[9],"of":[10,49,116,124,192,201,228],"ecological":[11,37,92,137,141,181,225],"resources":[12],"remains":[13],"within":[14,120],"their":[15],"productive":[16],"capacity.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19,215],"aims":[20],"to":[21,45,179,222],"support":[22],"policy":[23,220],"formulation":[24],"by":[25],"examining":[26],"nexus":[28],"between":[29],"income,":[30,101],"financial":[31,150,193],"trade":[33,153,177],"openness,":[34],"and":[35,52,79,86,152,176,185],"load":[38,93,105,142,182],"capacity":[39,94,106,143,183],"factor":[40,95,144],"in":[41,109,133,155,167,189],"Nigeria":[42],"from":[43,174],"1970":[44],"2021.":[46],"The":[47,111,159],"results":[48,88],"Bayer-Hanck":[51],"autoregressive":[53],"distributed":[54],"lag":[55],"(ARDL)":[56],"bounds":[57],"cointegration":[58],"tests":[59,164,197],"indicate":[60,89,198],"a":[61,97,146],"long-run":[62,85],"equilibrium":[63],"relationship":[64,148],"among":[65],"variables.":[67],"Parameter":[68],"estimations":[69],"were":[70],"conducted":[71],"using":[72],"dynamic":[74],"ordinary":[75],"least":[76],"squares":[77],"(DOLS)":[78],"ARDL":[80],"model":[81],"estimators.":[82],"Both":[83],"short-run":[87],"has":[96],"U-shaped":[98],"curve":[99,107,118],"with":[100,149],"thereby":[102],"validating":[103],"hypothesis":[108],"Nigeria.":[110],"estimated":[112],"threshold":[113],"turning":[114],"points":[115],"fall":[119],"Nigeria's":[121],"current":[122],"range":[123],"per":[125],"capita":[126],"GDP,":[127],"which":[128],"indicates":[129],"further":[131],"increases":[132],"income":[134,175],"will":[135],"enhance":[136],"sustainability.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"exhibits":[145],"negative":[147],"development":[151],"openness":[154,178],"long":[157,169],"run.":[158],"Breitung-Candelon":[160],"spectral":[161],"Granger":[162],"causality":[163,172,187],"reveal":[165],"that,":[166],"run,":[170],"unidirectional":[171],"runs":[173],"factor,":[184],"bidirectional":[186],"exists":[188],"case":[191],"development.":[194],"Furthermore,":[195],"none":[200],"causal":[203],"paths":[204],"are":[205],"significant":[206],"for":[207],"wavelength":[208],"periods":[209],"below":[210],"four":[211],"years.":[212],"Therefore,":[213],"recommends":[216],"implementing":[217],"medium-to":[218],"long-term":[219],"strategies":[221],"strengthen":[223],"resilience":[226],"base":[227],"economy.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-10T00:00:00"}