{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386536403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","title":"Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System","display_name":"Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386536403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/4814557/10244026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/4814557/10244026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018924","display_name":"Junzhi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9427-744X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9427-744X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9427-744X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100786436","display_name":"Wei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-3581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-3581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-3581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036447405","display_name":"Shiva Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-2882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-2882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-2882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060713232","display_name":"M. Jamal Deen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Jamal Deen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","school of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":1.2115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75893579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.026100000366568565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"single-photon avalanche diodes","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless-communication","display_name":"optical wireless communication","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"intersymbol interference","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-time","display_name":"dead time","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"on-off keying","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"bit error rate","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-immunity","display_name":"noise immunity","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-speed-optical-transmission","display_name":"high-speed optical transmission","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6790305376052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5680664777755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.547504723072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.531575083732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.493147075176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.4812309741973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779760598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017053","display_name":"Burst mode (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4767645001411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57149124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587346","display_name":"Sleep mode","level":4,"score":0.4620399475097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.4541681110858917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36785200238227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33083003759384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2755011320114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21351855993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16232389211654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15957465767860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1393337845802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/4814557/10244026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b0f34c6fe21430ab3e6dbc5e69d67be","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b0f34c6fe21430ab3e6dbc5e69d67be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol 15, Iss 5, Pp 1-13 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3309881","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4563994/4814557/10244026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72499069","display_name":"IEEE photonics journal","issn_l":"1943-0647","issn":["1943-0647","1943-0655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386536403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386536403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495711038","https://openalex.org/W1896581718","https://openalex.org/W1945521803","https://openalex.org/W2027559884","https://openalex.org/W2074467878","https://openalex.org/W2218435036","https://openalex.org/W2758264729","https://openalex.org/W2801269727","https://openalex.org/W2802375096","https://openalex.org/W2887192024","https://openalex.org/W2917056519","https://openalex.org/W2922067018","https://openalex.org/W3015791179","https://openalex.org/W3022052585","https://openalex.org/W3034372817","https://openalex.org/W3036766527","https://openalex.org/W3043823480","https://openalex.org/W3134429164","https://openalex.org/W3147928834","https://openalex.org/W3152605160","https://openalex.org/W3164105302","https://openalex.org/W3199001722","https://openalex.org/W3209473640","https://openalex.org/W3212628450","https://openalex.org/W3213675067","https://openalex.org/W4244160034","https://openalex.org/W4285733767","https://openalex.org/W4311739881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7043536807","https://openalex.org/W4412985054","https://openalex.org/W4283727091","https://openalex.org/W4289346348","https://openalex.org/W3164105302","https://openalex.org/W7208705035","https://openalex.org/W4285733767","https://openalex.org/W4312879431","https://openalex.org/W2969250616","https://openalex.org/W3123317014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-photon":[0],"avalanche":[1],"diodes":[2],"(SPADs)":[3],"capable":[4],"of":[5,64],"single":[6],"photon":[7],"detection":[8],"are":[9],"promising":[10],"optical":[11,18,187],"sensors":[12],"for":[13],"use":[14],"as":[15],"receivers":[16,168],"in":[17,57,151,177,212],"wireless":[19],"communication":[20,181,206],"(OWC)":[21],"systems.":[22],"In":[23,42],"SPAD-based":[24,58,213],"receivers,":[25],"the":[26,54,62,113,119,127,148,162,171,194,197],"intersymbol":[27],"interference":[28],"(ISI)":[29],"effect":[30,56,129,150],"caused":[31],"by":[32,94],"dead":[33,109],"time":[34],"is":[35,92],"an":[36],"important":[37],"drawback":[38],"that":[39,104,161],"limits":[40],"performance.":[41,88],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,68,117,140],"propose":[46],"two":[47,66,198],"novel":[48,96],"SPAD":[49,72,90],"operation":[50],"modes":[51,201],"to":[52,83,125,146,193],"reduce":[53,126],"ISI":[55,128,149],"OWC.":[59,214],"To":[60,134],"validate":[61],"feasibility":[63],"these":[65,137],"modes,":[67,139],"designed":[69],"a":[70,95,106,142],"free-running":[71,115,195],"front-end":[73,102],"circuit":[74,91,103],"with":[75],"post-layout":[76],"transient":[77],"simulation":[78,144,158],"results":[79,159],"and":[80,87,100,122,165,182,207],"some":[81],"measurements":[82],"show":[84],"its":[85],"function":[86],"This":[89],"improved":[93],"mixed":[97],"passive-active":[98],"quench":[99],"reset":[101],"achieves":[105],"very":[107],"short":[108],"time.":[110],"Based":[111],"on":[112],"traditional":[114],"mode,":[116,196],"design":[118],"clock-driven":[120,163],"mode":[121,124,164,167],"time-gated":[123,166],"through":[130],"time-controlled":[131,200],"operating":[132],"signals.":[133],"accurately":[135],"evaluate":[136],"three":[138],"develop":[141],"new":[143],"system":[145],"assess":[147],"On-Off":[152],"Keying":[153],"(OOK)":[154],"modulated":[155],"communication.":[156],"The":[157],"demonstrate":[160],"can":[169],"improve":[170],"bit":[172],"error":[173],"rate":[174,180,185,205],"(BER)":[175],"performance":[176],"low":[178],"data":[179,184,204],"high":[183,186],"power":[188],"communication,":[189],"respectively.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"compared":[192],"proposed":[199],"achieve":[202],"higher":[203],"better":[208],"noise":[209],"tolerance":[210],"ability":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-09-09T00:00:00"}