{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386480149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","title":"The Effect of Monetary Policy on Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Asian and African Developing Economies","display_name":"The Effect of Monetary Policy on Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Asian and African Developing Economies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386480149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737155129","display_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","issn_l":"1800-9581","issn":["1800-9581","2336-9205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079568146","display_name":"Zulfiqar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-2933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-2933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zulfiqar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics , Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , KP - Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics , Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , KP - Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Azam Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Azam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Faculty of Business & Economics , Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Business & Economics , Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93897744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"133","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-supply","display_name":"money supply","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdi-inflows","display_name":"FDI inflows","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-economies","display_name":"Asian economies","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-economies","display_name":"African economies","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-fiscal-policy-coordination","display_name":"monetary-fiscal policy coordination","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8414343595504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.6397281289100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159009313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283159","display_name":"Distributed lag","level":2,"score":0.6344752311706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.5363264083862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.510847270488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5082587599754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.5035549998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.49153050780296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.49109792709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.47273480892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44540467858314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842206","display_name":"Money supply","level":3,"score":0.4351065158843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.41254886984825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.41246843338012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.36649584770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.12801572680473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1205606758594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737155129","display_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","issn_l":"1800-9581","issn":["1800-9581","2336-9205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cbk:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:133-158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cbcg.me/repec/cbk/journl/vol12no3-7.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.cbcg.me/repec/cbk/journl/vol12no3-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/299086","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/299086","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/299086/1/1860929389.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jcbtp-2023-0028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737155129","display_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","issn_l":"1800-9581","issn":["1800-9581","2336-9205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386480149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386480149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588176695","https://openalex.org/W1534798215","https://openalex.org/W1566331826","https://openalex.org/W1724160727","https://openalex.org/W1739606778","https://openalex.org/W1823306039","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1969230115","https://openalex.org/W1978775682","https://openalex.org/W1988418342","https://openalex.org/W1993689697","https://openalex.org/W2023668736","https://openalex.org/W2025161033","https://openalex.org/W2071434239","https://openalex.org/W2071750034","https://openalex.org/W2087286560","https://openalex.org/W2109507050","https://openalex.org/W2128248134","https://openalex.org/W2133494340","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2161007982","https://openalex.org/W2170652866","https://openalex.org/W2186570755","https://openalex.org/W2187455015","https://openalex.org/W2252108313","https://openalex.org/W2289544279","https://openalex.org/W2342264066","https://openalex.org/W2396015495","https://openalex.org/W2401597604","https://openalex.org/W2469929316","https://openalex.org/W2510206164","https://openalex.org/W2518328607","https://openalex.org/W2587898219","https://openalex.org/W2604761397","https://openalex.org/W2614629730","https://openalex.org/W2752667860","https://openalex.org/W2757133953","https://openalex.org/W2794767988","https://openalex.org/W2806427680","https://openalex.org/W2808322056","https://openalex.org/W2881548915","https://openalex.org/W2909712786","https://openalex.org/W2910321361","https://openalex.org/W2922254033","https://openalex.org/W2940644319","https://openalex.org/W2973057140","https://openalex.org/W2988635287","https://openalex.org/W3001740231","https://openalex.org/W3003923728","https://openalex.org/W3010783924","https://openalex.org/W3029072971","https://openalex.org/W3088593934","https://openalex.org/W3089112165","https://openalex.org/W3119479183","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3125104942","https://openalex.org/W3125174750","https://openalex.org/W3133953273","https://openalex.org/W3135897538","https://openalex.org/W3165331816","https://openalex.org/W3198983498","https://openalex.org/W3203197164","https://openalex.org/W4205868184","https://openalex.org/W4206490215","https://openalex.org/W4220831707","https://openalex.org/W4251699524","https://openalex.org/W4255976681","https://openalex.org/W4320004197","https://openalex.org/W6637534095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413072796","https://openalex.org/W2901831864","https://openalex.org/W7046870784","https://openalex.org/W3183232033","https://openalex.org/W7213555316","https://openalex.org/W4410883358","https://openalex.org/W4414625877","https://openalex.org/W4361864385","https://openalex.org/W7066676374","https://openalex.org/W4390522956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Inequality":[1],"is":[2,22,36],"a":[3,88,113],"challenging":[4],"issue":[5],"for":[6,24,48],"all":[7],"developing":[8,53],"countries":[9],"across":[10],"the":[11,14,33,40,121],"globe.":[12],"Evaluating":[13],"role":[15],"of":[16,32,42,59,120],"monetary":[17,43,146],"policy":[18,27,44],"in":[19],"mitigating":[20],"inequality":[21,47],"imperative":[23],"researchers":[25],"and":[26,51,68,85,90,106,131,145],"makers.":[28],"The":[29,57,76,118],"central":[30],"objective":[31],"present":[34,122],"study":[35,123],"to":[37],"empirically":[38],"evaluate":[39],"impact":[41,115],"on":[45,93,116],"income":[46,94,105],"ten":[49],"Asian":[50],"African":[52],"economies":[54],"from":[55],"1990\u20132020.":[56],"methods":[58],"pooled":[60],"mean":[61],"group":[62],"(PMG)/panel":[63],"autoregressive":[64],"distributed":[65],"lag":[66],"(ARDL),":[67],"fully":[69],"modified":[70],"least":[71],"square":[72],"(FMOLS)":[73],"are":[74],"implemented.":[75],"empirical":[77],"results":[78],"indicate":[79],"that":[80,101,125],"money":[81,126],"supply":[82],"has":[83,87,97],"negative,":[84],"inflation":[86,138],"positive":[89],"significant":[91],"influence":[92],"inequality.":[95,117],"It":[96],"also":[98],"been":[99],"found":[100],"GDP":[102],"per":[103,128],"capita":[104,129],"inward":[107,132],"foreign":[108],"direct":[109],"investment":[110],"(FDI)":[111],"have":[112],"negative":[114],"findings":[119],"recommend":[124],"supply,":[127],"income,":[130],"FDI":[133],"should":[134],"be":[135,140],"enhanced,":[136],"while":[137],"must":[139],"controlled":[141],"using":[142],"coordinated":[143],"fiscal":[144],"policies.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-09-07T00:00:00"}