{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386462662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","title":"The impact of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior, the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement and Psychological Capital in Karachi Hospitals","display_name":"The impact of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior, the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement and Psychological Capital in Karachi Hospitals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386462662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","pdf_url":"https://ijbea.com/ojs/index.php/ijbea/article/download/344/269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185960","display_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","issn_l":"2519-9986","issn":["2519-9986","2520-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijbea.com/ojs/index.php/ijbea/article/download/344/269","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101068088","display_name":"Sagar Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049528882","display_name":"Essa Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-5204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-5204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essa Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000342566","display_name":"Asif Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-3349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-3349","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101068088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5338,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9319646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovative-behavior","display_name":"innovative behavior","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-engagement","display_name":"employee engagement","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-capital","display_name":"psychological capital","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-management","display_name":"hospital management","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-leadership","display_name":"healthcare leadership","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.7266514897346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6322449445724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6111603379249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4738122522830963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.4687538146972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.451822966337204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4433944821357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3548124432563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.3423342704772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18076470494270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13599178194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08790692687034607}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","pdf_url":"https://ijbea.com/ojs/index.php/ijbea/article/download/344/269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185960","display_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","issn_l":"2519-9986","issn":["2519-9986","2520-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-83009","pdf_url":"https://ijbea.com/ojs/index.php/ijbea/article/download/344/269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185960","display_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","issn_l":"2519-9986","issn":["2519-9986","2520-3258"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386462662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386462662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631883920","https://openalex.org/W1969910662","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1986370875","https://openalex.org/W2061516771","https://openalex.org/W2069925392","https://openalex.org/W2095743514","https://openalex.org/W2132199097","https://openalex.org/W2136247301","https://openalex.org/W2149037916","https://openalex.org/W2153610778","https://openalex.org/W2164976997","https://openalex.org/W2165208285","https://openalex.org/W2286204802","https://openalex.org/W2341058101","https://openalex.org/W2597660635","https://openalex.org/W2612957362","https://openalex.org/W2744013578","https://openalex.org/W2783211703","https://openalex.org/W2790754357","https://openalex.org/W2792056902","https://openalex.org/W2900607300","https://openalex.org/W2922647560","https://openalex.org/W2944834729","https://openalex.org/W2946017936","https://openalex.org/W2955980758","https://openalex.org/W2961906535","https://openalex.org/W3014922233","https://openalex.org/W3018274808","https://openalex.org/W3022558456","https://openalex.org/W3026020246","https://openalex.org/W3028649824","https://openalex.org/W3035094507","https://openalex.org/W3046771729","https://openalex.org/W3093005700","https://openalex.org/W3162969580","https://openalex.org/W3171116365","https://openalex.org/W3182684295","https://openalex.org/W4243559503","https://openalex.org/W4285729365","https://openalex.org/W4289782001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400115809","https://openalex.org/W7161062614","https://openalex.org/W4403251085","https://openalex.org/W4402224179","https://openalex.org/W4411617848","https://openalex.org/W4385524164","https://openalex.org/W4391322646","https://openalex.org/W4401925618","https://openalex.org/W3095258344","https://openalex.org/W7162393665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,222],"study":[1,198,223,242],"investigates":[2],"how":[3,14],"TL":[4,36,150,165,180],"processes":[5],"affect":[6],"IWB":[7,38,125,141,172],"in":[8,30,71,227],"healthcare":[9],"systems,":[10],"particularly":[11],"hospitals,":[12],"and":[13,16,42,57,77,201,282,294],"PsyCap":[15,41,134,187],"EE":[17,118,157],"function":[18],"as":[19,126,142,158,173,188,276],"mediators.":[20],"Based":[21],"on":[22,124,140,156,171,186,297],"the":[23,62,83,91,100,112,127,143,159,174,189,202,212,217,220,240,263,266,290],"responses":[24],"of":[25,67,111,196,219,265,289],"187":[26,70],"various":[27,291],"hospital":[28],"managers":[29],"Karachi,":[31],"it":[32],"was":[33,69,199],"found":[34],"that":[35,117,254],"influences":[37],"indirectly":[39],"via":[40],"EE.":[43],"We":[44],"employed":[45,243],"a":[46,120,136,152,167,182,244,251],"quantitative":[47],"research":[48,230],"strategy":[49],"for":[50],"this":[51,197],"study.":[52],"Cross-sectional":[53],"sampling,":[54,56],"convenience":[55],"SEM-PLS":[58],"analysis":[59],"make":[60],"up":[61],"methodology.":[63],"The":[64,109,193],"total":[65],"number":[66],"participants":[68],"which":[72],"67":[73],"(35.8%)":[74],"were":[75,80],"females":[76],"120":[78],"(64.2%)":[79],"males.":[81],"If":[82],"p":[84,128,144],"Values":[85],"are":[86],"less":[87],"than":[88,98],"0.05":[89],"and/or":[90],"t":[92],"statistic":[93],"value":[94,129,145],"is":[95,130,146,161,176,191],"more":[96],"significant":[97,122,138,154,169,184],"1.96,":[99],"hypothesis":[101],"can":[102],"be":[103,206],"accepted":[104],"(Hair":[105],"&":[106],"Alamer,":[107],"2022).":[108],"results":[110,203],"path":[113],"coefficient":[114],"test":[115],"showing":[116],"has":[119,135,151,166,181],"positive":[121,137,153,168,183],"impact":[123,139,155,170,185],"(0.027":[131],"<":[132,148,163,178],"0.05).":[133,149,164,179],"(0.016":[147],"p-value":[160,175,190],"(0.000":[162],"(0.001":[177],"(0.000<0.05).":[192],"sample":[194,213],"size":[195,214],"small,":[200],"may":[204,210,231],"not":[205],"generalizable,":[207],"future":[208,229],"studies":[209,269],"increase":[211,262],"to":[215,235,261,285],"improve":[216],"reliability":[218],"results.":[221],"only":[224],"used":[225],"hospitals":[226],"Karachi;":[228],"broaden":[232],"its":[233],"scope":[234],"include":[236,271],"other":[237],"areas.":[238],"Furthermore,":[239],"current":[241],"cross-sectional":[245],"design.":[246],"Future":[247,268],"researchers":[248],"should":[249,270],"use":[250],"longitudinal":[252],"design":[253],"collects":[255],"data":[256],"at":[257,278],"multiple":[258],"time":[259],"points":[260],"credibility":[264],"findings.":[267],"additional":[272],"mediating":[273],"variables":[274],"such":[275],"Thrive":[277],"Work,":[279],"Customer":[280],"Engagement,":[281],"Mind":[283],"Effect":[284],"deepen":[286],"our":[287],"understanding":[288],"leadership":[292],"styles":[293],"their":[295],"effects":[296],"healthcare.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-09-06T00:00:00"}
