{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386427720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","title":"Artificial Neural Network Training on an Optical Processor via Direct Feedback Alignment","display_name":"Artificial Neural Network Training on an Optical Processor via Direct Feedback Alignment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386427720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086093","display_name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/200678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054388084","display_name":"Kilian M\u00fcller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kilian M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091232404","display_name":"Julien Launay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Launay","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047474914","display_name":"Iacopo Poli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-0624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-0624"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iacopo Poli","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069072421","display_name":"Matthew J. Filipovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-698X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-698X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Filipovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004682086","display_name":"Alessandro Cappelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Capelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012892331","display_name":"Daniel Hesslow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-7042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-7042"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hesslow","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111034813","display_name":"Igor Carron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Carron","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058259063","display_name":"Laurent Daudet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-1078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-1078"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Daudet","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068236230","display_name":"Florent Krz\u0105ka\u0142a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-2578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-2578"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florent Krzakala","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043933499","display_name":"Sylvain Gigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-6231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-6231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187986737","display_name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France","ror":"https://ror.org/04ex24z53","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187986737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801195679","display_name":"Laboratoire Kastler Brossel","ror":"https://ror.org/01h14ww21","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2801195679","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210098836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvain Gigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["LightOn,Paris,France,75014","Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, College de France, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LightOn,Paris,France,75014","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, College de France, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2801195679","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38546768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network-training","display_name":"artificial neural network training","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-processors","display_name":"optical processors","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-feedback-alignment","display_name":"direct feedback alignment","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"backpropagation","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-neural-networks","display_name":"large-scale neural networks","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialized-hardware","display_name":"special-purpose hardware","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-efficiency","display_name":"training efficiency","score":0.7089999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7715768814086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6753023862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5714539289474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5532594323158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4797614514827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.45561346411705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.43097251653671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3420317769050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32762229442596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12358266115188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10231380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086093","display_name":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:305137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/200678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:305137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/200678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103869034","https://openalex.org/W2507556850","https://openalex.org/W3113329081","https://openalex.org/W4307476008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113329081","https://openalex.org/W7161239577","https://openalex.org/W4407535415","https://openalex.org/W3033381843","https://openalex.org/W254005423","https://openalex.org/W4417152446","https://openalex.org/W4407132569","https://openalex.org/W2530992305","https://openalex.org/W1879041973","https://openalex.org/W1508543198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(ANN)":[3],"are":[4,25,36],"habitually":[5],"trained":[6,26],"via":[7],"the":[8,54,69,72,74,81,84,89,96],"back-propagation":[9],"(BP)":[10],"algorithm.":[11,91],"This":[12,61],"approach":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"extremely":[16],"successful:":[17],"Current":[18],"models":[19],"like":[20,95],"GPT-3":[21,98],"have":[22],"O(1011)":[23,28],"parameters,":[24],"on":[27],"words":[29],"and":[30,48,88,101],"produce":[31],"awe-inspiring":[32],"results.":[33],"However,":[34],"there":[35],"good":[37],"reasons":[38],"to":[39,64],"look":[40],"for":[41],"alternative":[42],"training":[43,90,106],"methods:":[44],"With":[45],"current":[46],"algorithms":[47],"hardware":[49],"constraints":[50],"sometimes":[51],"only":[52],"half":[53],"available":[55,75],"computing":[56],"power":[57],"is":[58,62],"actually":[59],"used.":[60],"due":[63],"a":[65,93],"complicated":[66],"interplay":[67],"between":[68],"size":[70],"of":[71,79,83,86,113],"ANN,":[73],"memory,":[76],"throughput":[77],"limitations":[78],"interconnects,":[80],"architecture":[82],"network":[85],"computers,":[87],"Training":[92],"model":[94],"aforementioned":[97],"takes":[99],"months":[100],"costs":[102],"millions.":[103],"A":[104],"different":[105],"paradigm,":[107],"which":[108],"could":[109],"make":[110],"clever":[111],"use":[112],"specialized":[114],"hardware,":[115],"may":[116],"train":[117],"large":[118],"ANNs":[119],"more":[120],"efficiently.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2023-09-05T00:00:00"}
