{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386426571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","title":"The Fast, the Slow, and the Congested: Urban Transportation in Rich and Poor Countries","display_name":"The Fast, the Slow, and the Congested: Urban Transportation in Rich and Poor Countries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386426571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061330264","display_name":"Prottoy Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-7600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-7600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prottoy Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University - Department of Economics","Aalto University - Department of Economics, PO Box 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","University of Helsinki - Helsinki Graduate School of Economics","University of Helsinki - Helsinki Graduate School of Economics, P.O. Box 17 (Arkadiankatu 7), Helsinki, FI00014, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University - Department of Economics, PO Box 1210, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki - Helsinki Graduate School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki - Helsinki Graduate School of Economics, P.O. Box 17 (Arkadiankatu 7), Helsinki, FI00014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013773559","display_name":"Victor Couture","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Couture","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia (UBC)","University of British Columbia (UBC), 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia (UBC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia (UBC), 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113610967","display_name":"Gilles Duranton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-9927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-9927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Duranton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania - Real Estate Department","University of Pennsylvania - Real Estate Department, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6330, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania - Real Estate Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania - Real Estate Department, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6330, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000409190","display_name":"Adam Storeygard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1525-1043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1525-1043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Storeygard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University","Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061330264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.11309999972581863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"traffic congestion","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-travel","display_name":"car travel","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-infrastructure","display_name":"road infrastructure","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/city-size","display_name":"city size","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-area","display_name":"land area","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topography","display_name":"topography","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transport","display_name":"urban transport","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.43420708179473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.40148499608039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.350387305021286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3494226336479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3334597945213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2603475749492645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10853025317192078}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4560569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4560569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4560569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31642","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w31642.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w31642.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w31642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w31642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386426571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386426571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223708877","https://openalex.org/W615208969","https://openalex.org/W990989134","https://openalex.org/W1488676600","https://openalex.org/W1551706628","https://openalex.org/W1574552435","https://openalex.org/W1659181860","https://openalex.org/W1816973178","https://openalex.org/W1998533215","https://openalex.org/W2021581254","https://openalex.org/W2087248586","https://openalex.org/W2132465025","https://openalex.org/W2161041152","https://openalex.org/W2165432578","https://openalex.org/W2166271455","https://openalex.org/W2167683892","https://openalex.org/W2403784626","https://openalex.org/W2594476057","https://openalex.org/W2767310984","https://openalex.org/W2811270084","https://openalex.org/W2889730347","https://openalex.org/W2897840352","https://openalex.org/W2899322254","https://openalex.org/W2914218338","https://openalex.org/W2962995887","https://openalex.org/W2979778602","https://openalex.org/W3022641295","https://openalex.org/W3023230042","https://openalex.org/W3029565690","https://openalex.org/W3045787610","https://openalex.org/W3098161317","https://openalex.org/W3116965152","https://openalex.org/W3121170175","https://openalex.org/W3122632562","https://openalex.org/W3122844870","https://openalex.org/W3122871745","https://openalex.org/W3123966045","https://openalex.org/W3124320616","https://openalex.org/W3124532211","https://openalex.org/W3151426590","https://openalex.org/W3172222830","https://openalex.org/W3189204919","https://openalex.org/W4238183564","https://openalex.org/W4298290922","https://openalex.org/W4317790403","https://openalex.org/W4320016078","https://openalex.org/W4387449524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151426590","https://openalex.org/W98191932","https://openalex.org/W3125711278","https://openalex.org/W6922807458","https://openalex.org/W588890566","https://openalex.org/W3107147284","https://openalex.org/W7097498458","https://openalex.org/W3159005912","https://openalex.org/W640733755","https://openalex.org/W3124120203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19,114],"assemble":[1],"a":[2],"new":[3],"global":[4],"database":[5],"on":[6],"motor":[7],"vehicle":[8],"travel":[9,26,36,59,108],"speed":[10,27,37],"in":[11,16,34,53,65,111],"over":[12],"1,200":[13],"large":[14],"cities":[15,124],"152":[17],"countries.":[18,67,113],"then":[20],"estimate":[21],"comparable":[22],"city-level":[23],"indices":[24],"of":[25,31,49,96],"and":[28,75,87,101,129],"congestion.":[29,143],"Most":[30],"the":[32,70],"variation":[33,52],"urban":[35,58,80,107],"is":[38,60,109],"across":[39],"countries,":[40,57],"not":[41,140],"within.":[42],"National":[43],"income":[44],"per":[45],"capita":[46],"explains":[47],"most":[48],"this":[50],"cross-country":[51],"speed.":[54],"In":[55],"rich":[56],"roughly":[61],"50%":[62],"faster":[63,110],"than":[64],"poor":[66],"To":[68],"investigate":[69],"link":[71],"between":[72],"economic":[73],"development":[74],"mobility,":[76],"we":[77],"develop":[78],"an":[79,93],"model":[81,91],"with":[82],"endogenous":[83],"travel,":[84],"road":[85],"infrastructure,":[86,100],"land":[88,131],"area.":[89],"The":[90],"provides":[92],"exact":[94],"decomposition":[95],"how":[97],"city":[98],"size,":[99],"topography":[102],"contribute":[103],"to":[104],"explaining":[105],"why":[106],"richer":[112,117],"find":[115],"that":[116],"countries":[118],"are":[119],"faster,":[120],"mainly":[121],"because":[122],"their":[123],"have":[125],"more":[126],"major":[127],"roads":[128],"wider":[130],"areas.":[132],"These":[133],"effects":[134],"operate":[135],"by":[136,141],"increasing":[137],"uncongested":[138],"speed,":[139],"reducing":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-09-05T00:00:00"}