{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386420182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","title":"Environmental Toxicity, Human Hazards and Bacterial Degradation of Polyethylene","display_name":"Environmental Toxicity, Human Hazards and Bacterial Degradation of Polyethylene","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386420182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764514638","display_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","issn_l":"0972-6268","issn":["0972-6268","2395-3454"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016853756","display_name":"Nima Yoezer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-9404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-9404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61702852","display_name":"Royal University of Bhutan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hqan520","country_code":"BT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]}],"countries":["BT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Yoezer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","Department of Forest Science , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-9404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Science , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069142092","display_name":"Dhan B. Gurung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-5181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-5181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61702852","display_name":"Royal University of Bhutan","ror":"https://ror.org/03hqan520","country_code":"BT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]}],"countries":["BT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. B. Gurung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Technology , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","Department of Forest Science , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Technology , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Science , College of Natural Resources , Royal University of Bhutan , Punakha , Bhutan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61702852"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038858305","display_name":"Karma Wangchuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-3705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-3705"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Wangchuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"of Science, of , of Bhutan , , of and Technology , of , of , ,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":575,"currency":"USD","value_usd":575},"apc_paid":{"value":575,"currency":"USD","value_usd":575},"fwci":0.3177,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41996786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"1155","last_page":"1167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.6338000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.6338000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10324","display_name":"Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants","score":0.3328000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.023399999365210533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene","display_name":"polyethylene","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-degradation","display_name":"bacterial degradation","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-waste","display_name":"plastic waste","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecotoxicity","display_name":"ecotoxicity","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health-hazards","display_name":"human health hazards","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradation","display_name":"biodegradation","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-pollution","display_name":"plastic pollution","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation-monitoring","display_name":"degradation monitoring","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-recycling","display_name":"plastic recycling","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incinerator-emissions","display_name":"incinerator emissions","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157021035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696715","display_name":"Biodegradation","level":2,"score":0.7538851499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.7126240730285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130751788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622772","display_name":"Incineration","level":2,"score":0.6883471012115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6264929175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.5809919834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5463654398918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5422123670578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.460308313369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3899872","display_name":"Environmental hazard","level":2,"score":0.44515568017959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779892437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202090","display_name":"Plastic pollution","level":3,"score":0.41694363951683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24564161896705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21303707361221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1608145833015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.1394563615322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0962405800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08061772584915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06846612691879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764514638","display_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","issn_l":"0972-6268","issn":["0972-6268","2395-3454"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f1c38e203764edda2f131146a2c255c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f1c38e203764edda2f131146a2c255c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 22, Iss 3, Pp 1155-1167 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764514638","display_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","issn_l":"0972-6268","issn":["0972-6268","2395-3454"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386420182.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386420182.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281774623","https://openalex.org/W2417359542","https://openalex.org/W2605908312","https://openalex.org/W2605950857","https://openalex.org/W2737217596","https://openalex.org/W2750207702","https://openalex.org/W2759727392","https://openalex.org/W2761590587","https://openalex.org/W2784223142","https://openalex.org/W2789480862","https://openalex.org/W2795186588","https://openalex.org/W2799454505","https://openalex.org/W2803281862","https://openalex.org/W2803420682","https://openalex.org/W2804586262","https://openalex.org/W2822200146","https://openalex.org/W2827565782","https://openalex.org/W2869876473","https://openalex.org/W2890607556","https://openalex.org/W2893700578","https://openalex.org/W2899315260","https://openalex.org/W2899465999","https://openalex.org/W2901915111","https://openalex.org/W2903158601","https://openalex.org/W2903861055","https://openalex.org/W2910609045","https://openalex.org/W2941313896","https://openalex.org/W2943526345","https://openalex.org/W2945792041","https://openalex.org/W2945901515","https://openalex.org/W2958266980","https://openalex.org/W2969697956","https://openalex.org/W2972186294","https://openalex.org/W2972304796","https://openalex.org/W2973500110","https://openalex.org/W2973946975","https://openalex.org/W2974748521","https://openalex.org/W2980443376","https://openalex.org/W2980573871","https://openalex.org/W2984277134","https://openalex.org/W2991398852","https://openalex.org/W2994433359","https://openalex.org/W2995942512","https://openalex.org/W3005332201","https://openalex.org/W3006061434","https://openalex.org/W3007644676","https://openalex.org/W3009429909","https://openalex.org/W3012029098","https://openalex.org/W3019759869","https://openalex.org/W3023189385","https://openalex.org/W3030902239","https://openalex.org/W3035091418","https://openalex.org/W3036292039","https://openalex.org/W3042079103","https://openalex.org/W3044029393","https://openalex.org/W3045177872","https://openalex.org/W3080227271","https://openalex.org/W3083300055","https://openalex.org/W3084043727","https://openalex.org/W3106770963","https://openalex.org/W3107658926","https://openalex.org/W3108814662","https://openalex.org/W3109619543","https://openalex.org/W3109699095","https://openalex.org/W3111912619","https://openalex.org/W3119411190","https://openalex.org/W3120655220","https://openalex.org/W3121777601","https://openalex.org/W3122754671","https://openalex.org/W3125459370","https://openalex.org/W3131638239","https://openalex.org/W3133019958","https://openalex.org/W3134317565","https://openalex.org/W3143813937","https://openalex.org/W3149388535","https://openalex.org/W3159449097","https://openalex.org/W3163035662","https://openalex.org/W3164770339","https://openalex.org/W3179129380","https://openalex.org/W3183835656","https://openalex.org/W3189479948","https://openalex.org/W3192626233","https://openalex.org/W3194233265","https://openalex.org/W3195636599","https://openalex.org/W3195897312","https://openalex.org/W3198128846","https://openalex.org/W3201022281","https://openalex.org/W3203085832","https://openalex.org/W3215123355","https://openalex.org/W3215741518","https://openalex.org/W4205933370","https://openalex.org/W4206168760","https://openalex.org/W4223927428","https://openalex.org/W4224006590","https://openalex.org/W4281260879","https://openalex.org/W4281677147","https://openalex.org/W4281783933","https://openalex.org/W4281816902","https://openalex.org/W4283065643","https://openalex.org/W4283121329","https://openalex.org/W4283740905","https://openalex.org/W4293677320","https://openalex.org/W4294844808","https://openalex.org/W4294935758","https://openalex.org/W4297110354","https://openalex.org/W4304782272","https://openalex.org/W4304807880","https://openalex.org/W4317434891","https://openalex.org/W4353096519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289516234","https://openalex.org/W4380077230","https://openalex.org/W4303182834","https://openalex.org/W7221092770","https://openalex.org/W7116375912","https://openalex.org/W7144323195","https://openalex.org/W4310778444","https://openalex.org/W4285143351","https://openalex.org/W3111561182","https://openalex.org/W4412844885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plastics":[0],"are":[1,22,64,115],"the":[2,23,36,87,121,128,135,140,154,159,166,174],"most":[3,129],"rapidly":[4],"growing":[5],"materials":[6],"in":[7,32,47,86,120,173],"terms":[8],"of":[9,61,70,113,123,137,142,156,170,176],"production":[10],"and":[11,19,40,50,54,78,117,158,168,187],"consumption.":[12],"The":[13,105],"durability,":[14],"inertness,":[15],"light":[16],"weight,":[17],"flexibility,":[18],"low":[20,93],"cost":[21],"key":[24],"characteristics":[25],"that":[26],"make":[27],"plastic":[28,62,149],"suitable":[29],"for":[30,190],"application":[31,141],"various":[33],"fields,":[34],"including":[35],"construction,":[37],"automotive,":[38],"electronics,":[39],"packaging":[41],"industries.":[42],"Due":[43,90],"to":[44,83,91,147,182],"widespread":[45],"usage":[46],"daily":[48],"life":[49],"many":[51],"industrial":[52],"processes":[53],"operations,":[55],"more":[56],"than":[57],"300":[58],"million":[59],"tons":[60],"waste":[63],"produced":[65],"globally":[66],"annually.":[67],"Indiscriminate":[68],"use":[69],"plastics":[71],"such":[72,108],"as":[73,100,109,144],"polyethylene":[74,95,138,157],"causes":[75],"environmental":[76,103,160],"pollution":[77],"impacts":[79],"human":[80],"health":[81],"due":[82],"irreversible":[84],"changes":[85],"ecological":[88],"cycle.":[89],"its":[92],"biodegradability,":[94],"accumulation":[96],"has":[97],"recently":[98],"emerged":[99],"a":[101],"momentous":[102],"concern.":[104],"conventional":[106],"methods,":[107],"recycling":[110],"or":[111],"disposing":[112],"polyethylene,":[114],"exorbitant,":[116],"incineration":[118],"results":[119],"emission":[122],"toxic":[124],"chemical":[125],"compounds.":[126],"Therefore,":[127],"recent":[130],"research":[131],"progressively":[132],"focused":[133],"on":[134],"biodegradation":[136],"with":[139],"bacteria":[143,171],"novel":[145],"approaches":[146],"counteract":[148],"waste.":[150],"This":[151],"review":[152],"summarizes":[153],"type":[155],"issues.":[161],"It":[162],"also":[163],"briefly":[164],"discussed":[165],"genes":[167],"enzymes":[169],"involved":[172],"degradation":[175,186],"polyethylene.":[177],"In":[178],"addition,":[179],"it":[180],"attempts":[181],"address":[183],"factors":[184],"influencing":[185],"techniques":[188],"used":[189],"monitoring":[191],"degradation.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-09-05T00:00:00"}