{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386339166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","title":"Gaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions","display_name":"Gaming Intermediate Force Capabilities: Strategic Implications of Tactical Decisions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386339166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11610/connections.21.2.07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","pdf_url":"https://connections-qj.org/system/files/21.2.07_gaming.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764416561","display_name":"Connections The Quarterly Journal","issn_l":"1812-1098","issn":["1812-1098","1812-1101","1812-2973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314729","host_organization_name":"Procon Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314729"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Procon Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connections: The Quarterly Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://connections-qj.org/system/files/21.2.07_gaming.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091452124","display_name":"Peter Dobias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3527-9819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3527-9819","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3810-4931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Dobias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada , Centre for Operational Research and Analysis , 60 Moody Drive , Ottawa , Canada, http :// www .drdc-rddc.gc.ca","Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 60 Moody Drive, Ottawa, Canada,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada , Centre for Operational Research and Analysis , 60 Moody Drive , Ottawa , Canada, http :// www .drdc-rddc.gc.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 60 Moody Drive, Ottawa, Canada,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kyle Christensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada , Centre for Operational Research and Analysis , 60 Moody Drive , Ottawa , Canada, http :// www .drdc-rddc.gc.ca","Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 60 Moody Drive, Ottawa, Canada,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada , Centre for Operational Research and Analysis , 60 Moody Drive , Ottawa , Canada, http :// www .drdc-rddc.gc.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Operational Research and Analysis, 60 Moody Drive, Ottawa, Canada,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092727001","display_name":"William Freid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256739","display_name":"United States European Command","ror":"https://ror.org/04g8ye561","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4405256739"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Freid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office, U.S. European Command, Kur-macherstrasse Gebaude 2304, Stuttgart, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office, U.S. European Command, Kur-macherstrasse Gebaude 2304, Stuttgart, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25127729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"97","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.6840999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.6840999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.23510000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-warfare","display_name":"hybrid warfare","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-zone","display_name":"gray zone","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"miniaturization","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactical-decision-making","display_name":"tactical decision-making","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4203595519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.40618184208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3764567971229553}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11610/connections.21.2.07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","pdf_url":"https://connections-qj.org/system/files/21.2.07_gaming.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764416561","display_name":"Connections The Quarterly Journal","issn_l":"1812-1098","issn":["1812-1098","1812-1101","1812-2973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314729","host_organization_name":"Procon Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314729"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Procon Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connections: The Quarterly Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11610/connections.21.2.07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.21.2.07","pdf_url":"https://connections-qj.org/system/files/21.2.07_gaming.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764416561","display_name":"Connections The Quarterly Journal","issn_l":"1812-1098","issn":["1812-1098","1812-1101","1812-2973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314729","host_organization_name":"Procon Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314729"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Procon Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connections: The Quarterly Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386339166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386339166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303097289","https://openalex.org/W2954807573","https://openalex.org/W2992223404","https://openalex.org/W3154671240","https://openalex.org/W4231591234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154671240","https://openalex.org/W4382244512","https://openalex.org/W4386339196","https://openalex.org/W4396613208","https://openalex.org/W4392522766","https://openalex.org/W3172493888","https://openalex.org/W4404246145","https://openalex.org/W4382678297","https://openalex.org/W4386339182","https://openalex.org/W4399777893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"reviews":[2],"the":[3,31,37,87,90,109,139,153,163,202],"development":[4,14],"and":[5,60,74,126,131,158,181,185,191],"tests":[6],"of":[7,39,69,89,151,175],"two":[8],"Intermediate":[9],"Force":[10],"Capability":[11],"(IFC)":[12],"concept":[13],"hybrid":[15,28,106,140,204],"wargames.The":[16],"first":[17],"wargame":[18,35,91,112,141],"plays":[19],"out":[20],"a":[21,40,46,56,63,67,79,100,124,148,179],"maritime":[22],"Task":[23,42],"Force's":[24],"ability":[25,38],"to":[26,45,49,54,94,102,129,165,177,198],"counter":[27,55],"threats":[29,107],"in":[30,78,108,123,201],"grey":[32,110],"zone.The":[33],"second":[34],"examines":[36],"NATO":[41],"Group,":[43],"deployed":[44],"third":[47],"country":[48],"train":[50],"local":[51],"security":[52],"forces,":[53],"hostile":[57],"militia":[58],"trained":[59],"supported":[61],"by":[62,169],"neighboring":[64],"country.IFCs":[65],"offer":[66],"class":[68],"response":[70],"between":[71,155],"doing":[72,156],"nothing":[73,157],"using":[75,159],"lethal":[76,160],"force":[77,176],"situation":[80,180],"that":[81,145],"would":[82],"be":[83],"politically":[84],"unpalatable.As":[85],"such,":[86],"aim":[88],"series":[92,113,142],"is":[93],"evaluate":[95,130],"whether":[96],"IFCs":[97,146],"can":[98],"make":[99],"difference":[101],"mission":[103,137],"success":[104],"against":[105],"zone.This":[111],"was":[114],"particularly":[115],"important":[116],"because":[117],"it":[118],"used":[119],"traditional":[120],"game":[121],"mechanics":[122],"unique":[125],"innovative":[127],"way":[128],"assess":[132],"IFC's":[133],"effects":[134],"on":[135],"strategic":[136],"success.Specifically,":[138],"has":[143],"demonstrated":[144],"have":[147,162],"high":[149],"probability":[150],"filling":[152],"gap":[154],"force.IFCs":[161],"potential":[164],"improve":[166],"operational":[167],"effectiveness":[168],"allowing":[170],"for":[171,187],"more":[172],"restrained":[173],"use":[174],"escalate/de-escalate":[178],"increasing":[182],"decision":[183],"time":[184],"space":[186],"tactical":[188],"decision-makers.Both":[189],"counter-personnel":[190],"counter-materiel":[192],"capabilities":[193],"(including":[194],"miniaturization)":[195],"are":[196],"needed":[197],"act":[199],"effectively":[200],"current":[203],"threat":[205],"environment.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-09-01T00:00:00"}