{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386220105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","title":"Bayesian Optimization-Based LSTM for Short-Term Heating Load Forecasting","display_name":"Bayesian Optimization-Based LSTM for Short-Term Heating Load Forecasting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386220105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en16176234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/17/6234/pdf?version=1693208009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4386220105"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/17/6234/pdf?version=1693208009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649276","display_name":"Binglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-1044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-1044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101070505","display_name":"Yong Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-8413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-8413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076841444","display_name":"Yufeng Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-9303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-9303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007139271","display_name":"Pai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-4139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-4139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100307851","display_name":"Qiang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9184-7777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9184-7777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4385474403","display_name":"Changchun University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052pakb34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100649276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4385474403"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"fwci":2.5377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87870276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"6234","last_page":"6234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.35420000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lstm","display_name":"LSTM","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory-networks","display_name":"long short-term memory networks","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-systems","display_name":"heating systems","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-average-smoothing","display_name":"moving average smoothing","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-feature-selection","display_name":"input feature selection","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-temperature","display_name":"outdoor temperature","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-energy-demand","display_name":"building energy demand","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7907391786575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.621855616569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5404667854309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5018675327301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4170113205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4118427634239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3836178779602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3094068765640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2330760657787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en16176234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/17/6234/pdf?version=1693208009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:17:p:6234-:d:1226826","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/17/6234/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0820d9c187dc47baacbccaa5be4d753a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0820d9c187dc47baacbccaa5be4d753a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 6234 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en16176234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176234","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/17/6234/pdf?version=1693208009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8485000133514404,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386220105.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386220105.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507639870","https://openalex.org/W1980598759","https://openalex.org/W2594787851","https://openalex.org/W2756612914","https://openalex.org/W2791111686","https://openalex.org/W2796303798","https://openalex.org/W2804243520","https://openalex.org/W2810073813","https://openalex.org/W2884378264","https://openalex.org/W2912180703","https://openalex.org/W2917365054","https://openalex.org/W2921249715","https://openalex.org/W2942035823","https://openalex.org/W2990675463","https://openalex.org/W3002098564","https://openalex.org/W3004083925","https://openalex.org/W3047538046","https://openalex.org/W3089011108","https://openalex.org/W3097542115","https://openalex.org/W3099480097","https://openalex.org/W3109872608","https://openalex.org/W3115889371","https://openalex.org/W3117041796","https://openalex.org/W3138148122","https://openalex.org/W3153157969","https://openalex.org/W3174967471","https://openalex.org/W3193546170","https://openalex.org/W3204709593","https://openalex.org/W4205848391","https://openalex.org/W4210483321","https://openalex.org/W4213281528","https://openalex.org/W4221102727","https://openalex.org/W4283657752","https://openalex.org/W4296301526","https://openalex.org/W4307398891","https://openalex.org/W4308451985","https://openalex.org/W4321375393","https://openalex.org/W4323663350","https://openalex.org/W4360612715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415046798","https://openalex.org/W7134812044","https://openalex.org/W4280553531","https://openalex.org/W7202071439","https://openalex.org/W4214772998","https://openalex.org/W3004451017","https://openalex.org/W4396855647","https://openalex.org/W3141758006","https://openalex.org/W4416788043","https://openalex.org/W4408218227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,6,10,43,86,95,98,101,108,116,127,132,156,159,165,169,173],"increase":[2],"in":[3,15,32,51],"population":[4],"and":[5,45,69,104,131,141,179],"progress":[7],"of":[8,13,29,47,107,143,158,168],"industrialization,":[9],"rational":[11],"use":[12],"energy":[14],"heating":[16,33,52],"systems":[17,34],"has":[18],"become":[19],"a":[20,38,57,65],"research":[21],"topic":[22],"for":[23],"many":[24],"scholars.":[25],"The":[26,74,118],"accurate":[27],"prediction":[28,175],"heat":[30,48,59,105],"load":[31,49,60,106],"provides":[35],"us":[36],"with":[37],"scientific":[39],"solution.":[40],"Due":[41],"to":[42,82,93,97,115],"complexity":[44],"difficulty":[46],"forecasting":[50,61],"systems,":[53],"this":[54],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"short-term":[58,70],"method":[62,79,176],"based":[63],"on":[64],"Bayesian":[66],"algorithm-optimized":[67],"long-":[68],"memory":[71],"network":[72],"(BO-LSTM).":[73],"moving":[75],"average":[76],"data":[77],"smoothing":[78],"is":[80,91,124,177],"used":[81,92,125,147],"eliminate":[83],"noise":[84],"from":[85],"data.":[87],"Pearson\u2019s":[88],"correlation":[89],"analysis":[90],"determine":[94],"inputs":[96,114],"model.":[99,117],"Finally,":[100],"outdoor":[102],"temperature":[103],"previous":[109],"period":[110],"are":[111,146],"selected":[112],"as":[113,126,148],"root":[119],"mean":[120,133,137],"square":[121],"error":[122,135,139],"(RMSE)":[123],"main":[128],"evaluation":[129,150],"index,":[130],"absolute":[134],"(MAE),":[136],"bias":[138],"(MBE),":[140],"coefficient":[142],"determination":[144],"(R2)":[145],"auxiliary":[149],"indexes.":[151],"It":[152],"was":[153],"found":[154],"that":[155],"RMSE":[157],"asynchronous":[160],"length":[161],"model":[162],"decreased,":[163],"proving":[164],"general":[166],"practicability":[167],"method.":[170],"In":[171],"conclusion,":[172],"proposed":[174],"simple":[178],"universal.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-08-29T00:00:00"}
