{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386154802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","title":"Assessing Variability and Trends of Rainfall and Temperature for the District of Musanze in Rwanda","display_name":"Assessing Variability and Trends of Rainfall and Temperature for the District of Musanze in Rwanda","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386154802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/7177776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2023/7177776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19799837","display_name":"Advances in Meteorology","issn_l":"1687-9309","issn":["1687-9309","1687-9317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2023/7177776.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014964359","display_name":"Anthony Twahirwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-8709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-8709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096946","display_name":"Rwanda Meteorological Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00wsrxw08","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096946"]}],"countries":["KE","RW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Twahirwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rwanda Meteorology Agency, P.O. Box 898, Kigali, Rwanda","University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-8709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rwanda Meteorology Agency, P.O. Box 898, Kigali, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078126567","display_name":"Christopher Oludhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-1615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-1615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Oludhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-1615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090696590","display_name":"Philip Omondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-6097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-6097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133398","display_name":"IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03wjvv117","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133398"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Omondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre, P.O. Box 10304, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-6097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre, P.O. Box 10304, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066583619","display_name":"Gaspard Rwanyiziri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-2538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-2538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaspard Rwanyiziri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037559656","display_name":"Joseph Ndakize Sebaziga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-6482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-6482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096946","display_name":"Rwanda Meteorological Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00wsrxw08","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096946"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Sebaziga Ndakize","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rwanda Meteorology Agency, P.O. Box 898, Kigali, Rwanda","University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-6482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rwanda Meteorology Agency, P.O. Box 898, Kigali, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014964359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529","https://openalex.org/I4210096946"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":2.5073,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89848941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-trends","display_name":"temperature trends","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musanze-district","display_name":"Musanze District","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mann-kendall-test","display_name":"Mann-Kendall test","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sen-s-slope-estimator","display_name":"Sen's slope","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-rainfall","display_name":"seasonal rainfall","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-and-minimum-temperature","display_name":"maximum and minimum temperature","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highland-climate","display_name":"highland climate","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-information-for-agriculture","display_name":"climate information for agriculture","score":0.8050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993126654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125928","display_name":"Climatic variability","level":3,"score":0.6251699924468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.600628137588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.571711003780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5498721599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985831756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107291880","display_name":"Maximum temperature","level":2,"score":0.5125755667686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5101335644721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48687735199928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42683663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517834","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","level":3,"score":0.43280935287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2076060175895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1866220235824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09607863426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/7177776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2023/7177776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19799837","display_name":"Advances in Meteorology","issn_l":"1687-9309","issn":["1687-9309","1687-9317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f55e53cff9b24a6da4479fc95f21d3f9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f55e53cff9b24a6da4479fc95f21d3f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Meteorology, Vol 2023 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/hx3b9-t4094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/hx3b9-t4094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/hx3b9-t4094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/v6bkm-4tz96","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/v6bkm-4tz96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/v6bkm-4tz96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2023/7177776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7177776","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2023/7177776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19799837","display_name":"Advances in Meteorology","issn_l":"1687-9309","issn":["1687-9309","1687-9317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386154802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386154802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517430776","https://openalex.org/W1643901912","https://openalex.org/W1825876366","https://openalex.org/W1952361440","https://openalex.org/W1982974524","https://openalex.org/W1990151882","https://openalex.org/W1992196811","https://openalex.org/W1995331786","https://openalex.org/W1999020829","https://openalex.org/W2014137493","https://openalex.org/W2016482261","https://openalex.org/W2018314333","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2024647786","https://openalex.org/W2026333948","https://openalex.org/W2044601150","https://openalex.org/W2082423429","https://openalex.org/W2084264566","https://openalex.org/W2137566659","https://openalex.org/W2143146836","https://openalex.org/W2146366074","https://openalex.org/W2161956931","https://openalex.org/W2163788343","https://openalex.org/W2191490157","https://openalex.org/W2230566879","https://openalex.org/W2335777166","https://openalex.org/W2468383588","https://openalex.org/W2469523098","https://openalex.org/W2514056763","https://openalex.org/W2522948468","https://openalex.org/W2606447823","https://openalex.org/W2608303895","https://openalex.org/W2746199161","https://openalex.org/W2747319455","https://openalex.org/W2749310115","https://openalex.org/W2762074286","https://openalex.org/W2765444202","https://openalex.org/W2773895272","https://openalex.org/W2777384663","https://openalex.org/W2790331113","https://openalex.org/W2792563154","https://openalex.org/W2796034401","https://openalex.org/W2803864822","https://openalex.org/W2901270784","https://openalex.org/W2909295470","https://openalex.org/W2914123653","https://openalex.org/W2939499277","https://openalex.org/W2964460232","https://openalex.org/W2978496751","https://openalex.org/W3015036309","https://openalex.org/W3044610287","https://openalex.org/W3082343617","https://openalex.org/W3082346232","https://openalex.org/W3083994262","https://openalex.org/W3094259128","https://openalex.org/W3118828808","https://openalex.org/W3126486778","https://openalex.org/W3133859983","https://openalex.org/W3150360573","https://openalex.org/W3157555419","https://openalex.org/W3162060904","https://openalex.org/W3162148318","https://openalex.org/W3164943789","https://openalex.org/W3195536907","https://openalex.org/W4200152879","https://openalex.org/W4282927452","https://openalex.org/W4301429599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4368251458","https://openalex.org/W4386858279","https://openalex.org/W4319740328","https://openalex.org/W4414597824","https://openalex.org/W4386838390","https://openalex.org/W1996291525","https://openalex.org/W4413411994","https://openalex.org/W3150360573","https://openalex.org/W2762074286","https://openalex.org/W4406250043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variability":[0],"in":[1,6,26,57,67,97,129,133,149,153,205,218],"rainfall":[2,18,68,98,130,142,154,219],"and":[3,15,19,45,65,69,80,88,99,121,127,131,140,151,155,185,193,229,231],"temperature":[4,20,70,132,139],"results":[5,114,209],"different":[7],"impacts":[8],"on":[9],"agricultural":[10],"practices.":[11],"Assessesment":[12],"of":[13,17,24,37,60,77,111,125,147,165,212],"variability":[14,64,126,150],"trend":[16,66,96,128,152,175,197],"for":[21,34,167,190,201],"the":[22,63,75,95,109,169,206],"district":[23,54,135],"Musanze":[25,53],"Rwanda":[27,50],"was":[28,105,199],"conducted":[29],"using":[30],"six":[31],"meteorological":[32],"stations":[33],"a":[35,161,215],"period":[36],"37":[38],"years,":[39],"ranging":[40],"from":[41,49,115,210,221],"1981":[42],"to":[43,73,93,107,223],"2018,":[44],"data":[46],"were":[47,91,235],"obtained":[48],"Meteorology":[51],"Agency.":[52],"is":[55,71],"located":[56],"highland":[58],"areas":[59],"Rwanda,":[61],"understanding":[62],"paramount":[72],"increase":[74],"uptake":[76],"climate":[78],"information":[79],"support":[81],"strategic":[82],"orientation.":[83],"The":[84,113,123,157,208],"Mann\u2013Kendall":[85,90],"nonparametric":[86],"test":[87],"modified":[89],"used":[92,106],"assess":[94,108],"temperature,":[100],"whereas":[101],"Sen\u2019s":[102],"slope":[103],"estimator":[104],"magnitude":[110],"change.":[112],"both":[116,191],"methods":[117],"showed":[118],"much":[119],"similarity":[120],"consistency.":[122],"assessment":[124],"Musanza":[134],"indicated":[136,195,214],"that":[137],"increasing":[138,196],"decreasing":[141,174],"trends":[143],"gave":[144],"an":[145],"indication":[146],"changes":[148,234],"temperature.":[156],"annual":[158],"pattern":[159],"revealed":[160],"substantial":[162],"downward":[163],"tendency":[164],"\u221225.7%":[166],"Nyange,":[168],"only":[170],"station":[171],"with":[172],"constant":[173,202],"over":[176],"all":[177],"seasons,":[178],"DJF,":[179],"\u221261.4%,":[180],"SON,":[181],"\u221212.2%,":[182],"JJA,":[183],"\u221240.3%,":[184],"MAM,":[186],"\u22124.35.":[187],"Temperature":[188],"analysis":[189],"maximum":[192],"minimum":[194],"which":[198,225],"signal":[200],"warming":[203],"up":[204],"area.":[207],"coefficient":[211],"variation":[213,220],"high":[216],"disparity":[217],"June":[222],"August":[224],"ranged":[226],"between":[227],"51":[228],"74%,":[230],"other":[232],"seasons":[233],"moderate.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-08-26T00:00:00"}