{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386076008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","title":"Token Turing Machines","display_name":"Token Turing Machines","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386076008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176548","display_name":"IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings","issn_l":"1063-6919","issn":["1063-6919","2332-564X","2575-7075"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4386076008"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.09119","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829008","display_name":"Michael S. Ryoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5452-8332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5452-8332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Ryoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025695094","display_name":"Keerthana Gopalakrishnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keerthana Gopalakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077247727","display_name":"Kumara Kahatapitiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumara Kahatapitiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025016495","display_name":"Ted G. Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111514705","display_name":"Kanishka Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanishka Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Austin Stone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334841","display_name":"Yao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-534X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-534X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053574266","display_name":"Julian Ibarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-6978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-6978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Ibarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035108037","display_name":"Anurag Arnab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-4838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-4838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Arnab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91200279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19070","last_page":"19081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-turing-machines","display_name":"neural Turing machines","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-storage","display_name":"external memory","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-sequence-processing","display_name":"long sequence processing","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-analysis","display_name":"video analysis","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-based-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"vision-based reinforcement learning","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-transformer","display_name":"autoregressive transformers","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8384206295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5706329941749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5605613589286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.5140958428382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4956701993942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.4274034798145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4007278382778168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3308390974998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24132993817329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.11274644732475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.10447677969932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176548","display_name":"IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings","issn_l":"1063-6919","issn":["1063-6919","2332-564X","2575-7075"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.09119","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.09119","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.09119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.09119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.09119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.09119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.09119","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.09119","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.09119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386076008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386076008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1899504021","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1927052826","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2167839676","https://openalex.org/W2292288263","https://openalex.org/W2337252826","https://openalex.org/W2530887700","https://openalex.org/W2583010282","https://openalex.org/W2618799552","https://openalex.org/W2619082050","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2760103357","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2772717129","https://openalex.org/W2887051120","https://openalex.org/W2894309325","https://openalex.org/W2901213409","https://openalex.org/W2906310736","https://openalex.org/W2940744433","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2986922898","https://openalex.org/W2988841832","https://openalex.org/W2990503944","https://openalex.org/W2993466051","https://openalex.org/W2995237914","https://openalex.org/W3015538334","https://openalex.org/W3033529678","https://openalex.org/W3034671305","https://openalex.org/W3045733172","https://openalex.org/W3085139254","https://openalex.org/W3090193843","https://openalex.org/W3091156754","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3103682594","https://openalex.org/W3120364173","https://openalex.org/W3123615524","https://openalex.org/W3126721948","https://openalex.org/W3134144764","https://openalex.org/W3134997228","https://openalex.org/W3135728268","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3146838169","https://openalex.org/W3147387781","https://openalex.org/W3157506437","https://openalex.org/W3168124404","https://openalex.org/W3202698164","https://openalex.org/W3205423339","https://openalex.org/W3208764872","https://openalex.org/W3212014628","https://openalex.org/W3214370733","https://openalex.org/W3214661002","https://openalex.org/W3216552982","https://openalex.org/W4224912544","https://openalex.org/W4225909425","https://openalex.org/W4226082499","https://openalex.org/W4226270831","https://openalex.org/W4312560592","https://openalex.org/W4312735840","https://openalex.org/W4312772544","https://openalex.org/W4312849330","https://openalex.org/W4312872526","https://openalex.org/W4382449917","https://openalex.org/W4394667418","https://openalex.org/W6779163297","https://openalex.org/W7133203558","https://openalex.org/W7133228463","https://openalex.org/W7133239857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409262524","https://openalex.org/W7161745725","https://openalex.org/W7133228637","https://openalex.org/W7162686326","https://openalex.org/W4404783458","https://openalex.org/W3093260394","https://openalex.org/W4414769688","https://openalex.org/W7127153810","https://openalex.org/W4391790270","https://openalex.org/W4400517511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,104],"propose":[1],"Token":[2],"Turing":[3,26],"Machines":[4],"(TTM),":[5],"a":[6,35,55,70,97],"sequential,":[7],"autoregressive":[8],"Transformer":[9,56,114],"model":[10,19],"with":[11,77,96],"memory":[12,32,47,66,82],"for":[13,117],"real-world":[14,126],"sequential":[15,127],"visual":[16,128],"understanding.":[17],"Our":[18],"is":[20,48,144],"inspired":[21],"by":[22],"the":[23,41,58,78,81,85],"seminal":[24],"Neural":[25],"Machine,":[27],"and":[28,52,120,137],"has":[29],"an":[30],"external":[31],"consisting":[33],"of":[34,37,80],"set":[36],"tokens":[38],"which":[39],"summarise":[40],"previous":[42],"history":[43],"(i.e.,":[44],"frames).":[45],"This":[46],"efficiently":[49,92],"addressed,":[50],"read":[51],"written":[53],"using":[54],"as":[57,112],"processing":[59],"unit/controller":[60],"at":[61,101],"each":[62,102],"step.":[63,103],"The":[64],"model's":[65],"module":[67],"ensures":[68],"that":[69,89,106],"new":[71],"observation":[72],"will":[73],"only":[74],"be":[75],"processed":[76],"contents":[79],"(and":[83],"not":[84],"entire":[86],"history),":[87],"meaning":[88],"it":[90],"can":[91],"process":[93],"long":[94,118],"sequences":[95,119],"bounded":[98],"computational":[99],"cost":[100],"show":[105],"TTM":[107],"outperforms":[108],"other":[109,113],"alternatives,":[110],"such":[111],"models":[115],"designed":[116],"recurrent":[121],"neural":[122],"networks,":[123],"on":[124],"two":[125],"understanding":[129],"tasks:":[130],"online":[131],"temporal":[132],"activity":[133],"detection":[134],"from":[135],"videos":[136],"vision-based":[138],"robot":[139],"action":[140],"policy":[141],"learning.":[142],"Code":[143],"publicly":[145],"available":[146],"at:":[147],"https://github.com/google-research/scenic/tree/main/scenic/projects/token.turing.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-08-23T00:00:00"}