{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386074787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","title":"Leadership Styles and Generational Differences in Manufacturing and Service Organizations","display_name":"Leadership Styles and Generational Differences in Manufacturing and Service Organizations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386074787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/orga-2023-0015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191612999","display_name":"Organizacija","issn_l":"1318-5454","issn":["1318-5454","1581-1832"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizacija","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064733510","display_name":"Nadia Molek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-2241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-2241"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Molek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054556898","display_name":"Mirko Marki\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-7355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-7355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118905719","display_name":"University of Primorska","ror":"https://ror.org/05xefg082","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Marki\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","University of Primorska , Faculty of management , Koper , Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Primorska , Faculty of management , Koper , Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080642101","display_name":"Du\u0161an Jane\u017ei\u010d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du\u0161an Jane\u017ei\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024592160","display_name":"Magda Lu\u017ear","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3021-2883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3021-2883"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magda Lu\u017ear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067817217","display_name":"Franc Brcar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franc Brcar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organisation Studies in Novo mesto , Novo mesto , Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9494063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"221","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14088","display_name":"Generational Differences and Trends","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14088","display_name":"Generational Differences and Trends","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.08860000222921371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-styles","display_name":"leadership styles","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generational-differences","display_name":"generational differences","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transactional-leadership","display_name":"transactional leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laissez-faire-leadership","display_name":"laissez-faire leadership","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baby-boomers","display_name":"baby boomers","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generation-z","display_name":"Generation Z","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-organizations","display_name":"service organizations","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-training","display_name":"leadership training","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-preferences","display_name":"employee preferences","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.8426370620727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.8395452499389648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.7722446322441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.6396254897117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5714606642723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5470458269119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5110052824020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.48837417364120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.45651862025260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4372006356716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3646487593650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2753271758556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2628777027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09176436066627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/orga-2023-0015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191612999","display_name":"Organizacija","issn_l":"1318-5454","issn":["1318-5454","1581-1832"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizacija","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69b226e1120c4f48b72f77ae2d49ea33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69b226e1120c4f48b72f77ae2d49ea33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Organizacija, Vol 56, Iss 3, Pp 221-232 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/orga-2023-0015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/orga-2023-0015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191612999","display_name":"Organizacija","issn_l":"1318-5454","issn":["1318-5454","1581-1832"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organizacija","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7558287538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KA202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","funder_display_name":"Erasmus+"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2m4n16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386074787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386074787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486464224","https://openalex.org/W1573287631","https://openalex.org/W1753329681","https://openalex.org/W1798546792","https://openalex.org/W1835605027","https://openalex.org/W1973784577","https://openalex.org/W1991790289","https://openalex.org/W1994883407","https://openalex.org/W2011508098","https://openalex.org/W2069154572","https://openalex.org/W2136991087","https://openalex.org/W2139598247","https://openalex.org/W2150790720","https://openalex.org/W2170567890","https://openalex.org/W2254852378","https://openalex.org/W2403785288","https://openalex.org/W2484044878","https://openalex.org/W2495783254","https://openalex.org/W2562014019","https://openalex.org/W2741730363","https://openalex.org/W2763144809","https://openalex.org/W2768059333","https://openalex.org/W2942885378","https://openalex.org/W2952090728","https://openalex.org/W2955943571","https://openalex.org/W2969090479","https://openalex.org/W2996396841","https://openalex.org/W3004252269","https://openalex.org/W3026021085","https://openalex.org/W3196397447","https://openalex.org/W4205403052","https://openalex.org/W4205748670","https://openalex.org/W4205961116","https://openalex.org/W4206037434","https://openalex.org/W4221022402","https://openalex.org/W4304092006","https://openalex.org/W4323355227","https://openalex.org/W6653533200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219156889","https://openalex.org/W158579810","https://openalex.org/W7220770745","https://openalex.org/W7217898759","https://openalex.org/W2271498458","https://openalex.org/W2504301344","https://openalex.org/W2966295101","https://openalex.org/W4221072525","https://openalex.org/W2064027265","https://openalex.org/W7096670666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"and":[2,14,20,34,59,70,79,103,132,146,172,186],"purpose":[3,5],"The":[4,27,65,85],"of":[6,54,180],"this":[7],"study":[8,140],"was":[9,29,40,67,93,107,115,141],"to":[10,48,143,160,163],"examine":[11],"generational":[12,35,113,161],"differences":[13],"leadership":[15,32,91,123,157],"style":[16,92],"preferences":[17,162],"in":[18,23,57,62,117],"service":[19,60],"manufacturing":[21,58],"organizations":[22,61,154],"south-eastern":[24],"(SE)":[25],"Slovenia.":[26,64],"focus":[28],"on":[30,51],"preferred":[31,95,106],"approaches":[33],"differences.":[36],"Methods":[37],"Quantitative":[38],"research":[39,168],"conducted":[41],"using":[42,74],"the":[43,80,89,97,101,104,108,118,121,129,135,139,150,178],"Multifactor":[44],"Leadership":[45],"Questionnaire":[46],"(MLQ)":[47],"collect":[49],"data":[50],"a":[52],"sample":[53],"208":[55],"employees":[56],"SE":[63,144],"questionnaire":[66],"distributed":[68],"online":[69],"responses":[71],"were":[72],"analysed":[73],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[75],"test,":[76,78],"Shapiro-Wilk":[77],"Kruskal":[81],"Wallis":[82],"test.":[83],"Results":[84],"results":[86,151],"showed":[87],"that":[88,153],"transformational":[90],"most":[94],"by":[96,100],"respondents,":[98],"followed":[99],"transactional":[102,122],"least":[105],"laissez-faire":[109],"style.":[110],"A":[111],"significant":[112],"difference":[114],"found":[116],"preference":[119,131],"for":[120],"style,":[124],"with":[125],"Baby":[126],"Boomers":[127],"showing":[128],"highest":[130],"Generation":[133],"Z":[134],"lowest.":[136],"Conclusion":[137],"Although":[138],"limited":[142],"Slovenia":[145],"generalizability":[147],"is":[148],"limited,":[149],"suggest":[152],"should":[155,169],"provide":[156],"training":[158],"adapted":[159],"promote":[164],"effective":[165],"leadership.":[166],"Future":[167],"consider":[170],"longitudinal":[171],"sector-specific":[173],"studies,":[174],"as":[175,177,183],"well":[176],"inclusion":[179],"variables":[181],"such":[182],"cultural":[184],"background":[185],"organizational":[187],"culture.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-08-23T00:00:00"}