{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386007987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","title":"Recognition of Online Turkish Handwriting using Transfer Learning","display_name":"Recognition of Online Turkish Handwriting using Transfer Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386007987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29109/gujsc.1141508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2529283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231837","display_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","issn_l":"2147-9526","issn":["2147-9526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318265","host_organization_name":"Gazi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Gazi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2529283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036707359","display_name":"Esma Fat\u0131ma Bilgin Ta\u015fdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-4186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-4186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57913696","display_name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j1qpr59","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esma Fat\u0131ma B\u0130LG\u0130N TA\u015eDEM\u0130R","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0130STANBUL MEDEN\u0130YET \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-4186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0130STANBUL MEDEN\u0130YET \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036707359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57913696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2897444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"719","last_page":"726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-handwriting-recognition","display_name":"online handwriting recognition","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"fine-tuning","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarcity","display_name":"data scarcity","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolated-word-recognition","display_name":"isolated word recognition","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"character recognition","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9094825983047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.9014132022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7144560813903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6137218475341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5661672949790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.5456264019012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5432400107383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5370321273803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48905810713768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43311983346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3436495065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.2524668574333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.19182485342025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1328606903553009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29109/gujsc.1141508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2529283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231837","display_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","issn_l":"2147-9526","issn":["2147-9526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318265","host_organization_name":"Gazi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Gazi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/1141508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gujsc/issue/80023/1141508","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gujsc/issue/80023/1141508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d896b8ce53f34546b5cc57bece5eade1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d896b8ce53f34546b5cc57bece5eade1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 719-726 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29109/gujsc.1141508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1141508","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2529283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231837","display_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","issn_l":"2147-9526","issn":["2147-9526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318265","host_organization_name":"Gazi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Gazi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasar\u0131m ve Teknoloji","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386007987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386007987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40827800","https://openalex.org/W121775319","https://openalex.org/W1517386993","https://openalex.org/W1521044776","https://openalex.org/W1703917893","https://openalex.org/W1928630823","https://openalex.org/W1970071611","https://openalex.org/W1973058638","https://openalex.org/W1984936144","https://openalex.org/W2004089144","https://openalex.org/W2035085138","https://openalex.org/W2059010944","https://openalex.org/W2080220147","https://openalex.org/W2094525717","https://openalex.org/W2095763605","https://openalex.org/W2110604750","https://openalex.org/W2122585011","https://openalex.org/W2125501673","https://openalex.org/W2127940044","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2152550252","https://openalex.org/W2153873029","https://openalex.org/W2155632928","https://openalex.org/W2167898728","https://openalex.org/W2171866629","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2488663146","https://openalex.org/W2557399984","https://openalex.org/W2587486463","https://openalex.org/W2725654677","https://openalex.org/W2914893688","https://openalex.org/W2920854715","https://openalex.org/W2962779710","https://openalex.org/W3135939397","https://openalex.org/W3172971238","https://openalex.org/W4206719259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206719259","https://openalex.org/W2926099793","https://openalex.org/W7070690854","https://openalex.org/W3143065279","https://openalex.org/W3120262309","https://openalex.org/W4404984762","https://openalex.org/W2795753477","https://openalex.org/W2790404194","https://openalex.org/W3216453991","https://openalex.org/W4200175083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,22,44,67,107],"recognition":[3,46,75],"system":[4,47,80],"for":[5],"online":[6,115],"Turkish":[7,27,63,89,116],"handwriting":[8,28,64],"using":[9,49],"transfer":[10,37,103],"learning.":[11],"Training":[12],"deep":[13],"networks":[14],"requires":[15],"large":[16,24],"amounts":[17],"of":[18,26,54,77,87,95,114],"data.":[19],"Since":[20],"such":[21],"sufficiently":[23],"collection":[25],"samples":[29,65,86],"is":[30,82],"not":[31],"available,":[32],"So":[33],"we":[34,58],"adopt":[35],"the":[36,50,73,78,92,110],"learning":[38,104],"approach":[39],"and":[40,42],"train":[41],"optimize":[43],"CNN-BLSTM":[45],"first":[48],"standard":[51],"IAM-On":[52],"dataset":[53],"English":[55],"handwriting.":[56,117],"Then,":[57],"fine":[59],"tune":[60],"it":[61],"with":[62],"from":[66,91],"smaller":[68],"dataset.":[69],"Fine":[70],"tuning":[71],"increases":[72],"character":[74],"rate":[76],"final":[79],"which":[81],"evaluated":[83],"on":[84],"2,041":[85],"isolated":[88],"words":[90],"initial":[93],"value":[94],"49%":[96],"to":[97,109],"85%.":[98],"The":[99],"results":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102],"can":[105],"be":[106],"solution":[108],"data":[111],"scarcity":[112],"problem":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2023-08-20T00:00:00"}
