{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385977898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","title":"A Study of the Effect of Trade Openness on Population Health: Empirical Evidence from China","display_name":"A Study of the Effect of Trade Openness on Population Health: Empirical Evidence from China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385977898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su151612571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12571/pdf?version=1692366038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12571/pdf?version=1692366038","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112983036","display_name":"Jiayu Ou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayu Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101489283","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-5698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-5698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Finance Research Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Finance Research Institute, University of Jinan, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051641667","display_name":"Naili Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7637-9841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7637-9841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101489283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"fwci":3.571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93159654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"16","first_page":"12571","last_page":"12571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8676999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8676999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14503","display_name":"Globalization, Economics, and Policies","score":0.031300000846385956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-openness","display_name":"trade openness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-health","display_name":"population health","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-globalization","display_name":"economic globalization","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-employment","display_name":"labor employment","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-income","display_name":"employment income","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-investment","display_name":"public health investment","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-pollution","display_name":"environmental pollution","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-threshold-effects","display_name":"nonlinear threshold effects","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-heterogeneity","display_name":"regional heterogeneity","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefecture-level-cities","display_name":"prefecture-level cities","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.8970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.7565099000930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5523560047149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5431275963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.49671727418899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3291156","display_name":"Population health","level":3,"score":0.48377105593681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.424685537815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.41800910234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.4137704372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.41369202733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.40239328145980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2322118580341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.22634181380271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.18251144886016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.18230664730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14105087518692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.11278507113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10950866341590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su151612571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12571/pdf?version=1692366038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12571-:d:1220265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12571/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su151612571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12571/pdf?version=1692366038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8782932697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21AJY007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385977898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385977898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487459611","https://openalex.org/W1507934089","https://openalex.org/W1579004247","https://openalex.org/W1711767104","https://openalex.org/W1779385643","https://openalex.org/W1999283122","https://openalex.org/W2002647272","https://openalex.org/W2003369261","https://openalex.org/W2029421544","https://openalex.org/W2062270928","https://openalex.org/W2064229333","https://openalex.org/W2081908573","https://openalex.org/W2088231131","https://openalex.org/W2099342129","https://openalex.org/W2114226672","https://openalex.org/W2123664020","https://openalex.org/W2158822760","https://openalex.org/W2160978209","https://openalex.org/W2163639278","https://openalex.org/W2460643326","https://openalex.org/W2555110089","https://openalex.org/W2563444253","https://openalex.org/W2579648655","https://openalex.org/W2590996217","https://openalex.org/W2614034046","https://openalex.org/W2795899572","https://openalex.org/W2796813502","https://openalex.org/W2941198134","https://openalex.org/W2990886027","https://openalex.org/W2996971358","https://openalex.org/W3007464441","https://openalex.org/W3025396249","https://openalex.org/W3033393851","https://openalex.org/W3090893439","https://openalex.org/W3112319985","https://openalex.org/W3122707295","https://openalex.org/W3123383080","https://openalex.org/W3124525584","https://openalex.org/W3126085384","https://openalex.org/W3133884797","https://openalex.org/W3196494983","https://openalex.org/W4225758321","https://openalex.org/W4252307431","https://openalex.org/W6983342434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474974990","https://openalex.org/W4403806636","https://openalex.org/W4249871314","https://openalex.org/W4412890626","https://openalex.org/W2742255725","https://openalex.org/W4403962204","https://openalex.org/W1487459611","https://openalex.org/W2739907936","https://openalex.org/W4308867400","https://openalex.org/W4387004574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"the":[1,28,36,47,53,82,125,139,142,145,150,159,211,230,255],"international":[2],"economy":[3],"is":[4,13,128,219],"experiencing":[5],"profound":[6],"and":[7,17,92,100,104,147,153,180,216,238],"intricate":[8],"transformations,":[9],"while":[10],"economic":[11,98,231],"globalization":[12,99],"encountering":[14],"unprecedented":[15],"challenges":[16],"witnessing":[18],"a":[19,56,118,134,195],"surge":[20],"in":[21,42,235],"counter-globalization":[22],"sentiments.":[23],"Critics":[24],"express":[25],"concerns":[26],"over":[27],"potential":[29],"detrimental":[30],"effects":[31,84,205,253],"of":[32,38,55,85,120,141,144,158,257],"trade":[33,75,86,110,163,185,214,258],"liberalization":[34],"on":[35,138,199,254,260],"welfare":[37,83],"low-income":[39],"groups,":[40],"particularly":[41],"developing":[43,49],"countries.":[44],"China,":[45],"as":[46,172],"largest":[48],"country,":[50],"also":[51,188],"holds":[52],"status":[54],"major":[57],"trading":[58],"nation.":[59],"Using":[60],"panel":[61],"data":[62],"from":[63],"285":[64],"prefecture-level":[65],"cities":[66],"across":[67],"China":[68],"during":[69],"2000\u20132019,":[70],"this":[71],"study":[72],"examines":[73],"how":[74],"openness":[76,111,132,164,186,215,259],"affects":[77],"population":[78,115,143,167,200,217,261],"health":[79,103,140,168,178,182,218],"to":[80,95,190,229,250],"assess":[81],"openness,":[87],"providing":[88],"new":[89],"theoretical":[90],"perspectives":[91],"empirical":[93],"evidence":[94],"further":[96],"promote":[97,114],"improve":[101],"human":[102],"well-being.":[105],"The":[106],"results":[107],"show":[108,123],"that":[109,124,162,210,223],"can":[112,187],"significantly":[113],"health.":[116,201,262],"And,":[117],"series":[119],"robustness":[121],"tests":[122],"above":[126],"conclusion":[127],"still":[129],"valid.":[130],"Trade":[131],"has":[133,194],"greater":[135],"positive":[136],"impact":[137,198,256],"eastern":[146],"central":[148],"regions,":[149],"coastal":[151],"cities,":[152],"high-trade-openness":[154],"cities.":[155],"An":[156],"analysis":[157],"mechanism":[160],"reveal":[161],"mainly":[165],"promotes":[166],"through":[169,203],"channels":[170],"such":[171],"labor":[173],"employment,":[174],"wage":[175],"income,":[176],"public":[177],"investment,":[179],"personal":[181],"investment.":[183],"However,":[184],"lead":[189,249],"environmental":[191,236,239],"pollution,":[192],"which":[193],"significant":[196],"negative":[197],"Additionally,":[202],"threshold":[204],"analysis,":[206],"it":[207],"becomes":[208],"evident":[209],"relationship":[212],"between":[213],"nonlinear.":[220],"This":[221],"implies":[222],"there":[224],"are":[225],"critical":[226],"thresholds":[227,247],"related":[228],"development":[232],"stage,":[233],"investment":[234],"governance,":[237],"infrastructure":[240],"construction.":[241],"Falling":[242],"below":[243],"or":[244],"exceeding":[245],"these":[246],"may":[248],"different":[251],"interval":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-08-19T00:00:00"}