{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385934908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","title":"Metals: Primary Production","display_name":"Metals: Primary Production","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385934908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Archaeology (Second Edition)","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391006622","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Archaeology (Second Edition)"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068824924","display_name":"Siran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-4561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-4561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028082598","display_name":"Thilo Rehren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-1198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-1198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148518341","display_name":"Cyprus Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8k8p90","country_code":"CY","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148518341"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thilo Rehren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148518341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028082598","https://openalex.org/A5068824924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148518341","https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"487","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-production","display_name":"metal production","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-production","display_name":"primary production","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-processing","display_name":"mineral processing","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalworking-technology","display_name":"metalworking technology","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeological-interpretation","display_name":"archaeological interpretation","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeometallurgy","display_name":"archaeometallurgy","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7604389190673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6409387588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.562261700630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.5203618407249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.47903791069984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4474942684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.43427643179893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4196651577949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4014476537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37416499853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36094892024993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3554665446281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32522162795066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.31479907035827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25142937898635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2274307906627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15441274642944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13843324780464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12608447670936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1063576340675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.09528544545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09061840176582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08566814661026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06208053231239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90799-6.00221-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463230","display_name":"Elsevier eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Archaeology (Second Edition)","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.807699978351593}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20603725","https://openalex.org/W160336938","https://openalex.org/W161918457","https://openalex.org/W317374386","https://openalex.org/W372702373","https://openalex.org/W431341287","https://openalex.org/W598661822","https://openalex.org/W643349104","https://openalex.org/W652674931","https://openalex.org/W657086229","https://openalex.org/W1501124376","https://openalex.org/W1532373787","https://openalex.org/W1744762671","https://openalex.org/W1809045797","https://openalex.org/W1968241729","https://openalex.org/W1968825703","https://openalex.org/W1969982720","https://openalex.org/W1971067937","https://openalex.org/W1972755529","https://openalex.org/W1974265610","https://openalex.org/W1981001956","https://openalex.org/W1982941937","https://openalex.org/W2000157385","https://openalex.org/W2021901947","https://openalex.org/W2024104189","https://openalex.org/W2032763185","https://openalex.org/W2037223109","https://openalex.org/W2047759228","https://openalex.org/W2057120339","https://openalex.org/W2057481115","https://openalex.org/W2064776186","https://openalex.org/W2080725895","https://openalex.org/W2083795907","https://openalex.org/W2086033419","https://openalex.org/W2100546939","https://openalex.org/W2101172846","https://openalex.org/W2135635134","https://openalex.org/W2135865613","https://openalex.org/W2171198419","https://openalex.org/W2212602380","https://openalex.org/W2230757815","https://openalex.org/W2261448970","https://openalex.org/W2294210086","https://openalex.org/W2302295990","https://openalex.org/W2345592498","https://openalex.org/W2480092090","https://openalex.org/W2540266010","https://openalex.org/W2576656344","https://openalex.org/W2580787478","https://openalex.org/W2738960297","https://openalex.org/W2919957305","https://openalex.org/W3006424965","https://openalex.org/W3049730513","https://openalex.org/W3082073645","https://openalex.org/W3106859868","https://openalex.org/W4246516003","https://openalex.org/W6638422164","https://openalex.org/W6922225418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7116601445","https://openalex.org/W1965499770","https://openalex.org/W7164321989","https://openalex.org/W2137445476","https://openalex.org/W1564904297","https://openalex.org/W1807609339","https://openalex.org/W6912896317","https://openalex.org/W2766054555","https://openalex.org/W2077721064","https://openalex.org/W4206285656"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2023-08-18T00:00:00"}
