{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385833697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","title":"Computer Vision for DC Partial Discharge Diagnostics in Traction Battery Systems","display_name":"Computer Vision for DC Partial Discharge Diagnostics in Traction Battery Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385833697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj14080222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/222/pdf?version=1692092294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/222/pdf?version=1692092294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092640931","display_name":"Ronan Sangouard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0380-7059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0380-7059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283382300","display_name":"BMW (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05vs9tj88","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronan Sangouard","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0380-7059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092640932","display_name":"Ivo Freudenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3417-8099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3417-8099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283382300","display_name":"BMW (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05vs9tj88","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo Freudenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3417-8099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074750164","display_name":"Maximilian Kertel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-0642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-0642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283382300","display_name":"BMW (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05vs9tj88","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Kertel","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-0642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW AG, 80809 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074750164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283382300","https://openalex.org/I200332995"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1112},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1112},"fwci":0.0713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24223558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"222","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-partial-discharge","display_name":"DC partial discharge","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-resolved-partial-discharge","display_name":"phase-resolved partial discharge","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-batteries","display_name":"electric vehicle batteries","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-pattern-recognition","display_name":"automatic pattern recognition","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-detection","display_name":"defect detection","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause-identification","display_name":"root cause identification","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-life","display_name":"battery life","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.7211018800735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5194827318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776152135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467898","display_name":"Insulation system","level":2,"score":0.4939644932746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.49049586057662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38834483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17000223","display_name":"Traction (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4860144257545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145528699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803616","display_name":"Traction substation","level":4,"score":0.45850545167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.39395663142204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31118500232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.25970226526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24337241053581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19502943754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08660835027694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj14080222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/222/pdf?version=1692092294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f472f5c21a864c848a262e01884b584b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f472f5c21a864c848a262e01884b584b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 222 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/wevj14080222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080222","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/222/pdf?version=1692092294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2913398011","display_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","issn_l":"2032-6653","issn":["2032-6653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385833697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385833697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2031882613","https://openalex.org/W2101373115","https://openalex.org/W2111061130","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2118294308","https://openalex.org/W2133828513","https://openalex.org/W2134821366","https://openalex.org/W2141007997","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2786715987","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2884313434","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2997794817","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3036983432","https://openalex.org/W3048138233","https://openalex.org/W3087709927","https://openalex.org/W3093996253","https://openalex.org/W3098852188","https://openalex.org/W4205284390","https://openalex.org/W4239998825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107343362","https://openalex.org/W4387146053","https://openalex.org/W2167018586","https://openalex.org/W3018601166","https://openalex.org/W4404954045","https://openalex.org/W2122014791","https://openalex.org/W3022374067","https://openalex.org/W2059556784","https://openalex.org/W2016645707","https://openalex.org/W2099779261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69],"tendency":[1],"towards":[2],"thin":[3],"insulation":[4,14,106],"layers":[5],"in":[6],"traction":[7],"battery":[8],"systems":[9],"presents":[10],"new":[11],"challenges":[12],"regarding":[13],"quality":[15],"and":[16,79,94,108],"service":[17],"life.":[18],"Phase-resolved":[19],"DC":[20,65,96],"partial":[21,66,97],"discharge":[22,67,98],"diagnostics":[23,99],"can":[24,61,80],"help":[25],"to":[26,39,64],"identify":[27,81],"defects.":[28],"Furthermore,":[29],"different":[30,36],"root":[31,111],"causes":[32],"are":[33],"characterized":[34],"by":[35],"patterns.":[37],"However,":[38],"industrialize":[40],"the":[41,45,89],"procedure,":[42],"there":[43],"is":[44,72],"need":[46],"for":[47,104],"an":[48,101],"automatic":[49],"pattern":[50],"recognition":[51],"system.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"shows":[55],"how":[56],"methods":[57],"from":[58],"computer":[59,92],"vision":[60,93],"be":[62],"applied":[63],"diagnostics.":[68],"derived":[70],"system":[71,103],"self-learning,":[73],"needs":[74],"no":[75],"tedious":[76],"manual":[77],"calibration,":[78],"defects":[82],"within":[83],"a":[84],"matter":[85],"of":[86,91],"seconds.":[87],"Thus,":[88],"combination":[90],"phase-resolved":[95],"provides":[100],"industrializable":[102],"detecting":[105],"faults":[107],"identifying":[109],"their":[110],"causes.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-08-16T00:00:00"}