{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385773263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","title":"Combating Dark Web Terrorism: Strategies for Disruption and Prevention","display_name":"Combating Dark Web Terrorism: Strategies for Disruption and Prevention","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385773263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764566388","display_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","issn_l":"2321-9653","issn":["2321-9653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614460","host_organization_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015452294","display_name":"Ngaira Mandela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9927-6443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9927-6443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331084196","display_name":"National Forensic Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fbv3w59","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngaira Mandela","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092631260","display_name":"Tumaini Mbinda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331084196","display_name":"National Forensic Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fbv3w59","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tumaini Mbinda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007643923","display_name":"Felix O. Etyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2883-6008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2883-6008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331084196","display_name":"National Forensic Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fbv3w59","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Etyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95522746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"856","last_page":"863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-web","display_name":"dark web","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorist-recruitment","display_name":"terrorist recruitment","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorist-propaganda","display_name":"terrorist propaganda","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encrypted-communication","display_name":"encrypted communication","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-anonymity","display_name":"online anonymity","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterterrorism-strategy","display_name":"counterterrorism strategy","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-surveillance","display_name":"digital surveillance","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-cooperation","display_name":"international cooperation","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counter-terrorism-legislation","display_name":"counter-terrorism legislation","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.7273612022399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5954771637916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48698195815086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.4847283363342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48263460397720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.47907644510269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.47854524850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40016961097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3757581412792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2979566752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27555084228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16672715544700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14442497491836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.14439812302589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764566388","display_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","issn_l":"2321-9653","issn":["2321-9653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614460","host_organization_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764566388","display_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","issn_l":"2321-9653","issn":["2321-9653"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614460","host_organization_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385773263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385773263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460725087","https://openalex.org/W2566984423","https://openalex.org/W2771614845","https://openalex.org/W2784521939","https://openalex.org/W2910150921","https://openalex.org/W2935234850","https://openalex.org/W3045937027","https://openalex.org/W3090884130","https://openalex.org/W3164068885","https://openalex.org/W3201553062","https://openalex.org/W3207860245","https://openalex.org/W3208470855","https://openalex.org/W4205907385","https://openalex.org/W4248406435","https://openalex.org/W4313392261","https://openalex.org/W4315486106","https://openalex.org/W6718535531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7157844954","https://openalex.org/W4200451608","https://openalex.org/W2047504441","https://openalex.org/W3185339043","https://openalex.org/W7220815585","https://openalex.org/W4412951548","https://openalex.org/W4407994908","https://openalex.org/W4392739851","https://openalex.org/W4256224324","https://openalex.org/W1601915612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"Dark":[1],"web":[2,36,58,85,105,175,197],"platforms":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,116],"a":[7,99],"significant":[8],"concern":[9],"in":[10,149],"the":[11,17,31,51,56,76,83,150,170,192],"context":[12],"of":[13,30,34,55,92,173],"global":[14],"security,":[15],"with":[16],"potential":[18],"to":[19,63,81,144,157,168],"facilitate":[20],"and":[21,38,53,70,90,123,140,163,186],"amplify":[22],"terrorism":[23,37,106,198],"activities.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"presents":[27],"an":[28],"analysis":[29],"evolving":[32],"landscape":[33],"dark":[35,57,84,104,151,174,196],"proposes":[39],"strategies":[40,111],"for":[41,86,102],"combating":[42,103],"this":[43,96],"emerging":[44],"threat.":[45],"The":[46,109],"study":[47],"begins":[48],"by":[49,79,195],"examining":[50],"characteristics":[52],"functionalities":[54],"that":[59],"make":[60],"it":[61],"attractive":[62],"terrorist":[64,146],"organizations,":[65],"including":[66],"anonymity,":[67],"encrypted":[68],"communications,":[69],"illicit":[71],"marketplaces.":[72],"It":[73],"further":[74],"explores":[75],"methods":[77],"employed":[78],"terrorists":[80],"exploit":[82],"recruitment,":[87],"propaganda":[88],"dissemination,":[89],"coordination":[91],"attacks.":[93],"To":[94],"counteract":[95],"growing":[97],"menace,":[98],"comprehensive":[100],"framework":[101],"is":[107,155],"introduced.":[108],"proposed":[110],"encompass":[112],"various":[113],"dimensions,":[114],"such":[115],"technological":[117],"advancements,":[118],"international":[119],"collaboration,":[120],"legislative":[121],"measures,":[122],"law":[124,183],"enforcement":[125,184],"efforts.":[126],"Technological":[127],"approaches":[128],"focus":[129],"on":[130],"enhancing":[131],"digital":[132],"surveillance":[133],"capabilities,":[134],"developing":[135],"advanced":[136],"data":[137],"analytics":[138],"tools,":[139],"improving":[141],"cybersecurity":[142],"measures":[143],"disrupt":[145],"networks":[147],"operating":[148],"web.":[152],"International":[153],"cooperation":[154],"emphasized":[156],"foster":[158],"information":[159],"sharing,":[160],"intelligence":[161],"coordination,":[162],"joint":[164],"operations":[165],"among":[166],"nations":[167],"counter":[169],"cross-border":[171],"nature":[172],"terrorism.":[176],"By":[177],"implementing":[178],"these":[179],"multifaceted":[180],"strategies,":[181],"governments,":[182],"agencies,":[185],"technology":[187],"providers":[188],"can":[189],"collectively":[190],"mitigate":[191],"threats":[193],"posed":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-08-12T00:00:00"}