{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385708666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","title":"Spatial Distribution and Typological Classification of Heritage Buildings in Southern China","display_name":"Spatial Distribution and Typological Classification of Heritage Buildings in Southern China","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385708666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13082025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/2025/pdf?version=1691557699","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/2025/pdf?version=1691557699","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103323961","display_name":"Han Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0808-9496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0808-9496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602051","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-7517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-7517","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1684-4999","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0285-4429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-7517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051283786","display_name":"Hongou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6814-0899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6814-0899","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-597X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103524","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147158","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbxt129","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong\u2019ou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102981106","display_name":"Jinyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7550-7912","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7550-7912"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071774068","display_name":"Xiaoli Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-0797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-0797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103524","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147158","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbxt129","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-0797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103524","https://openalex.org/I4210147158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101309112","display_name":"Fan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4184-3414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4184-3414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115602051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":22.3913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99338029,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"8","first_page":"2025","last_page":"2025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12995","display_name":"Urban Development and Cultural Heritage","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12670","display_name":"Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historic-buildings","display_name":"historic buildings","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"spatial distribution","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typological-classification","display_name":"typological classification","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-china","display_name":"South China","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage-preservation","display_name":"cultural heritage preservation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-agglomeration","display_name":"spatial agglomeration","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering","display_name":"clustering","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7532956600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7022260427474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6458476781845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.6078118085861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210272","display_name":"Cultural heritage","level":2,"score":0.6046453714370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.4676487147808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777060688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386426","display_name":"Natural heritage","level":3,"score":0.4560219943523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.4380256235599518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4337601065635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779635184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676050","display_name":"Old town","level":2,"score":0.4174131751060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.38723787665367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.21123898029327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.11385929584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07480770349502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.07174012064933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13082025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/2025/pdf?version=1691557699","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:607b913a3b72406e8f01954ee610a004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/607b913a3b72406e8f01954ee610a004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 2025 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings13082025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/2025/pdf?version=1691557699","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385708666.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875043432","https://openalex.org/W1978749505","https://openalex.org/W1979646882","https://openalex.org/W2049763161","https://openalex.org/W2067723856","https://openalex.org/W2075357908","https://openalex.org/W2078901236","https://openalex.org/W2093717796","https://openalex.org/W2136676328","https://openalex.org/W2161225254","https://openalex.org/W2336550826","https://openalex.org/W2369598751","https://openalex.org/W2758192179","https://openalex.org/W2794480510","https://openalex.org/W2901837903","https://openalex.org/W2948534104","https://openalex.org/W2998182321","https://openalex.org/W3011922087","https://openalex.org/W3022377972","https://openalex.org/W3033561444","https://openalex.org/W3038470168","https://openalex.org/W3047994393","https://openalex.org/W3118302501","https://openalex.org/W3122015009","https://openalex.org/W3185279094","https://openalex.org/W3202633275","https://openalex.org/W3212733847","https://openalex.org/W4214910329","https://openalex.org/W4220939541","https://openalex.org/W4223574580","https://openalex.org/W4225426756","https://openalex.org/W4281781894","https://openalex.org/W4285505940","https://openalex.org/W4308509842","https://openalex.org/W4309744279","https://openalex.org/W4312063543","https://openalex.org/W4312178149","https://openalex.org/W4322762450","https://openalex.org/W4367043183","https://openalex.org/W4368377679","https://openalex.org/W4377121568","https://openalex.org/W4377289409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411929358","https://openalex.org/W7150812673","https://openalex.org/W4410364032","https://openalex.org/W4309744279","https://openalex.org/W4408905029","https://openalex.org/W7126275030","https://openalex.org/W4386332903","https://openalex.org/W7153062230","https://openalex.org/W7117296025","https://openalex.org/W7121625339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heritage":[0],"buildings":[1,29,54,71,98,170,201,221,234,275,292,309],"are":[2,239],"a":[3,7,13,181,266,280],"crucial":[4],"aspect":[5],"of":[6,15,52,69,84,95,105,154,168,193,199,216,219,227,232,261,273,290,307],"country\u2019s":[8],"cultural":[9],"heritage,":[10],"serving":[11],"as":[12,75,77,252,279],"means":[14],"preserving":[16],"and":[17,22,37,49,66,114,120,132,152,178,187,230,245,259,276,288,304],"passing":[18],"down":[19],"its":[20],"history":[21],"traditions":[23],"to":[24,61,81,136],"future":[25,283],"generations.":[26],"The":[27,107,157],"heritage":[28,70,97,169,200,220,233,262,274,308],"in":[30,55,72,99,171,183,205,293,310],"southern":[31,73,100,172,311],"China":[32,101,173],"possess":[33],"significant":[34],"conservation,":[35],"utilization,":[36],"research":[38,41,249],"value.":[39],"However,":[40],"is":[42,174],"lacking":[43],"on":[44,92,269,285],"the":[45,56,63,78,82,93,103,110,125,145,149,160,165,184,196,211,214,228,255,270,286,296,302],"spatial":[46,64,86,112,150,166,197,271],"distribution":[47,67,87,115,151,167,198,229,257,272],"characteristics":[48,68,116,204,258],"subdivision":[50],"types":[51,218,231],"these":[53,85,155],"region.":[57],"This":[58,89,248],"study":[59,108,142],"aimed":[60],"investigate":[62],"agglomeration":[65,113],"China,":[74],"well":[76],"factors":[79,147],"contributing":[80],"formation":[83],"patterns.":[88],"article":[90],"focused":[91],"protection":[94,289],"981":[96],"since":[102],"founding":[104],"China.":[106,294,312],"examined":[109],"buildings\u2019":[111],"from":[117],"various":[118,206],"dynasties":[119],"subdivided":[121],"types.":[122],"It":[123,264],"utilized":[124],"average":[126],"nearest":[127],"neighbor":[128],"analysis,":[129],"unbalance":[130],"index,":[131],"kernel":[133],"density":[134],"estimation":[135],"analyze":[137],"this":[138,141],"distribution.":[139],"Additionally,":[140,295],"also":[143],"investigated":[144],"primary":[146],"influencing":[148],"differentiation":[153],"buildings.":[156,263],"results":[158],"demonstrated":[159],"following:":[161],"(1)":[162],"In":[163,191,210],"general,":[164],"characterized":[175],"by":[176,242],"unevenness":[177],"clustering,":[179],"with":[180],"concentration":[182],"eastern":[185],"coastal":[186],"Sichuan":[188],"provinces.":[189],"(2)":[190],"terms":[192],"temporal":[194],"dimension,":[195,213],"exhibits":[202],"unique":[203,251],"dynastic":[207],"zones.":[208],"(3)":[209],"type":[212],"number":[215],"different":[217],"varies":[222],"greatly.":[223],"(4)":[224],"Further":[225],"analysis":[226],"indicates":[235],"that":[236],"quantitative":[237],"differences":[238],"primarily":[240],"influenced":[241],"natural,":[243],"human,":[244],"socio-economic":[246],"factors.":[247],"was":[250],"it":[253],"explored":[254],"geospatial":[256],"determinants":[260],"offers":[265],"valuable":[267],"perspective":[268],"can":[277,298],"serve":[278],"reference":[281],"for":[282,301],"studies":[284],"preservation":[287],"such":[291],"findings":[297],"provide":[299],"guidance":[300],"management":[303],"rational":[305],"use":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2023-08-10T00:00:00"}