{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385702127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","title":"Physiological and biochemical characterization of biochar-induced resistance against bacterial wilt of eggplants","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical characterization of biochar-induced resistance against bacterial wilt of eggplants","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385702127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37564063","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10410212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.230442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091997736","display_name":"Chaudhry Ali Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaudhry Ali Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102873740","display_name":"Muhammad Saleem Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-0628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-0628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saleem Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020551001","display_name":"Adnan Akhter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-2116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-2116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Akhter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-2116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, PO Box 54590, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020551001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"fwci":1.5233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79490541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"230442","last_page":"230442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.5990999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.5990999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10076","display_name":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","score":0.3407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11578","display_name":"Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-wilt","display_name":"bacterial wilt","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eggplant","display_name":"eggplant","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ralstonia-solanacearum","display_name":"Ralstonia solanacearum","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-systemic-resistance","display_name":"induced systemic resistance","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-compounds","display_name":"phenolic compounds","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase","display_name":"peroxidase","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/npk-fertilization","display_name":"NPK fertilization","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-management","display_name":"disease management","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.972175121307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779002231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4840003","display_name":"Bacterial wilt","level":2,"score":0.8290245532989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776537196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667816","display_name":"Melongena","level":3,"score":0.5832182168960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.5377817749977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5258981585502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780675535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2710840","display_name":"Ralstonia solanacearum","level":3,"score":0.5169503092765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49826788902282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180032290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296","display_name":"Inoculation","level":2,"score":0.4471040368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93678976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4215946","display_name":"Plant disease resistance","level":3,"score":0.4346712827682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4248898923397064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162008176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305","display_name":"Peroxidase","level":3,"score":0.41510260105133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.35141801834106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146555","display_name":"Solanum","level":2,"score":0.3434348702430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3232516050338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.20610132813453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08687111735343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.230442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10410212","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10410212","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10410212/pdf/rsos.230442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"R Soc Open Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37564063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37564063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society open science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78075fafe20e44f69ac3e3ac723c1fce","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78075fafe20e44f69ac3e3ac723c1fce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science, Vol 10, Iss 8 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.230442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310724","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385702127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385702127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160023192","https://openalex.org/W430656596","https://openalex.org/W1490158782","https://openalex.org/W1541528225","https://openalex.org/W1768247331","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1855365699","https://openalex.org/W1888545411","https://openalex.org/W1969850522","https://openalex.org/W1981164308","https://openalex.org/W1982627164","https://openalex.org/W1989313116","https://openalex.org/W2008979535","https://openalex.org/W2011020215","https://openalex.org/W2026705495","https://openalex.org/W2041464573","https://openalex.org/W2046325798","https://openalex.org/W2054331324","https://openalex.org/W2062357801","https://openalex.org/W2073740037","https://openalex.org/W2080946698","https://openalex.org/W2082091267","https://openalex.org/W2091125919","https://openalex.org/W2098581569","https://openalex.org/W2099146272","https://openalex.org/W2114004260","https://openalex.org/W2118750261","https://openalex.org/W2148583852","https://openalex.org/W2155776392","https://openalex.org/W2168872179","https://openalex.org/W2280727047","https://openalex.org/W2318150719","https://openalex.org/W2319993981","https://openalex.org/W2552441610","https://openalex.org/W2556288869","https://openalex.org/W2564051871","https://openalex.org/W2565445771","https://openalex.org/W2738234812","https://openalex.org/W2807172944","https://openalex.org/W2913500366","https://openalex.org/W2924229212","https://openalex.org/W2981806109","https://openalex.org/W2983252016","https://openalex.org/W2995533258","https://openalex.org/W3011657256","https://openalex.org/W3034133728","https://openalex.org/W3109253219","https://openalex.org/W3137384988","https://openalex.org/W3137435930","https://openalex.org/W3160329241","https://openalex.org/W3164206922","https://openalex.org/W3185290043","https://openalex.org/W3192281926","https://openalex.org/W4231814084","https://openalex.org/W4280580716","https://openalex.org/W4281913362","https://openalex.org/W4290694447","https://openalex.org/W4290759706","https://openalex.org/W4293410365","https://openalex.org/W4321789743","https://openalex.org/W6902542508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902106030","https://openalex.org/W4366780976","https://openalex.org/W4395456511","https://openalex.org/W4401635883","https://openalex.org/W4366332530","https://openalex.org/W2522963760","https://openalex.org/W3158771422","https://openalex.org/W2996192695","https://openalex.org/W4385500953","https://openalex.org/W3186011338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,89],"abrupt":[1],"variation":[2],"in":[3,11,30,78,113,136,139,145,154,166,182,194],"climatic":[4,20],"patterns":[5],"has":[6,32],"become":[7,33],"a":[8,191],"global":[9],"concern":[10],"terms":[12,167],"of":[13,68,74,91,99,147,168,180,197,203],"food":[14],"security.":[15],"Biochar,":[16],"known":[17],"to":[18,41],"ameliorate":[19],"adversities":[21],"by":[22,47,85],"sequestering":[23],"carbon":[24],"and":[25,59,96,118,160],"activating":[26],"systemic":[27],"resistance":[28,169],"pathways":[29],"plants,":[31],"increasingly":[34],"relevant.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"the":[37,72,94,178,183,195,201,204],"study":[38],"was":[39,101,132],"aimed":[40],"characterize":[42],"leaf":[43],"waste":[44],"biochar":[45,174],"(LWB)":[46],"Fourier-transform":[48],"infrared":[49],"spectroscopy,":[50],"scanning":[51],"electron":[52],"microscopy":[53],"with":[54,125,200],"energy":[55],"dispersive":[56],"X-ray":[57,60],"(SEM-EDX)":[58],"diffraction":[61],"analytical":[62],"techniques":[63],"as":[64,66,151,153,157],"well":[65,152],"determination":[67],"its":[69],"impact":[70],"on":[71,93,164],"development":[73],"bacterial":[75],"wilt":[76],"(BW)":[77],"eggplant":[79],"(":[80],"Solanum":[81],"melongena":[82],")":[83],"caused":[84],"Ralstonia":[86],"solanacearum":[87],"(RS).":[88],"effect":[90],"LWB":[92,121],"physiology":[95],"defence-associated":[97],"biochemistry":[98],"eggplants":[100],"investigated":[102],"thoroughly.":[103],"Eggplants":[104],"either":[105],"inoculated":[106],"(+RS)":[107],"or":[108],"uninoculated":[109],"(-RS)":[110],"were":[111,162],"cultivated":[112],"potting":[114],"mixture":[115],"containing":[116],"3":[117],"6%":[119,140],"(v/v)":[120],"separately.":[122],"In":[123,185],"comparison":[124],"substrate":[126],"(soil":[127],"only),":[128],"percentage":[129],"disease":[130],"index":[131],"significantly":[133,176],"reduced":[134],"(71%)":[135],"plants":[137,165],"grown":[138],"LWB-amended":[141],"treatments.":[142],"Biochar-induced":[143],"increase":[144],"level":[146,179],"total":[148],"chlorophyll":[149],"content":[150],"biochemicals":[155],"such":[156],"phenolics,":[158],"flavonoids":[159],"peroxidases":[161],"evident":[163],"response":[170],"against":[171],"BW.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"also":[175],"affected":[177],"NPK":[181],"eggplants.":[184],"conclusion,":[186],"biochar-triggered":[187],"biochemical":[188],"alterations":[189],"played":[190],"pivotal":[192],"role":[193],"management":[196],"BW":[198],"along":[199],"curing":[202],"disease-infested":[205],"soils.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-08-10T00:00:00"}