{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385689796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","title":"Modeling variability in treatment effects for cluster randomized controlled trials using by-variable smooth functions in a generalized additive mixed model","display_name":"Modeling variability in treatment effects for cluster randomized controlled trials using by-variable smooth functions in a generalized additive mixed model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385689796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37558925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137478622","display_name":"Behavior Research Methods","issn_l":"1554-351X","issn":["1554-351X","1554-3528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001423486","display_name":"Sun\u2010Joo Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sun-Joo Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sj.cho@vanderbilt.edu","Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sj.cho@vanderbilt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066213576","display_name":"Kristopher J. Preacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-3636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-3636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristopher J. Preacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003808887","display_name":"Haley E. Yaremych","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-0758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-0758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haley E. Yaremych","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087307423","display_name":"Matthew Naveiras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-0274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-0274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Naveiras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070167652","display_name":"Douglas Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-1023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-1023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028144127","display_name":"Lynn S. Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-5247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-5247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn S. Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001423486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6087,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67140062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"2094","last_page":"2113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.1096000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-additive-mixed-models","display_name":"generalized additive mixed models","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-modeling","display_name":"multilevel modeling","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-by-covariate-interaction","display_name":"treatment-by-covariate interaction","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-misspecification","display_name":"model misspecification","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.910454511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5898568630218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16012445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501135","display_name":"Mixed model","level":2,"score":0.5372886657714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5087383389472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.4879145324230194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4821619391441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48078984022140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.46074071526527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4535631835460663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.4489787817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153720581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532490","display_name":"Generalized linear mixed model","level":2,"score":0.43468204140663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.4282364249229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42334163188934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.41452547907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.38994210958480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20955336093902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14213302731513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137478622","display_name":"Behavior Research Methods","issn_l":"1554-351X","issn":["1554-351X","1554-3528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37558925","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37558925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior research methods","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-023-02138-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137478622","display_name":"Behavior Research Methods","issn_l":"1554-351X","issn":["1554-351X","1554-3528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Research Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385689796.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385689796.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141760394","https://openalex.org/W1510444525","https://openalex.org/W1983489591","https://openalex.org/W2002355073","https://openalex.org/W2037153463","https://openalex.org/W2114473532","https://openalex.org/W2115709314","https://openalex.org/W2126679548","https://openalex.org/W2140641091","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2469913208","https://openalex.org/W2523238545","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2593643174","https://openalex.org/W2593705377","https://openalex.org/W2606780424","https://openalex.org/W2767679756","https://openalex.org/W2787699333","https://openalex.org/W2899375919","https://openalex.org/W2922922061","https://openalex.org/W3030984068","https://openalex.org/W3112717819","https://openalex.org/W3122992882","https://openalex.org/W4205462863","https://openalex.org/W4220789971","https://openalex.org/W4292156489","https://openalex.org/W4388258497","https://openalex.org/W6670019370","https://openalex.org/W6966180933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220789971","https://openalex.org/W1971186548","https://openalex.org/W3011293425","https://openalex.org/W2736093354","https://openalex.org/W4388463836","https://openalex.org/W2006710028","https://openalex.org/W342436640","https://openalex.org/W4389206859","https://openalex.org/W7098431590","https://openalex.org/W225071957"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-08-10T00:00:00"}