{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385647828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002935","title":"Feasibility of Implementing a Total Worker Health \u00ae Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Small and Medium Businesses: Results From the Carolina PROSPER Study","display_name":"Feasibility of Implementing a Total Worker Health \u00ae Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Small and Medium Businesses: Results From the Carolina PROSPER Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385647828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002935","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37550988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156862075","display_name":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","issn_l":"1076-2752","issn":["1076-2752","1536-5948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4385647828"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/rd8z-cx96","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085329645","display_name":"Emily P. McAden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-152X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-152X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily P. McAden","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (E.P.M., J.A.S., R.W.G., L.A.N.-F.); Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.S.L., L.A.L.); Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.A.S., L.A.N.-F.); and The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland (R.W.G.)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-152X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (E.P.M., J.A.S., R.W.G., L.A.N.-F.); Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (M.S.L., L.A.L.); Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.A.S., L.A.N.-F.); and The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland (R.W.G.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038872845","display_name":"Maija S. Leff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-7565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-7565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198423848","display_name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0502a2655","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I198423848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113549","display_name":"Center for Construction Research and Training","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnhsa91","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147249","display_name":"Geosyntec Consultants (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048y5x817","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261791","display_name":"North Carolina General Assembly","ror":"https://ror.org/05vdh4r44","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maija S. Leff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). This study was reviewed in accordance with federal regulations governing human subjects research, including those found at 45 CFR 46 (Common Rule), 45 CFR 164 (HIPAA), 21 CFR 50 & 56 (FDA), and 40 CFR 26 (EPA), where applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study","Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","Bahby Banks, PhD","Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team","Funding: This work was supported by CARES Act funding awarded through the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (as mandated by the NCGA in subdivision (23) of Section 3.3 of Session Law 2020-4","North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP","The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA","The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University","data collection, E.M. and M.L","effective May 4, 2020), for the project \u201cTechnical Assistance Using a Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach and Evidence-based Strategies to Ensure a Safe Return to Work in North Carolina\u201d (no grant number)","formal analysis, E.M. and M.L","funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","project administration, E.M. and R.G","supervision, L.L. and L.N-F","visualization, E.M","writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F","writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-7565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I198423848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). This study was reviewed in accordance with federal regulations governing human subjects research, including those found at 45 CFR 46 (Common Rule), 45 CFR 164 (HIPAA), 21 CFR 50 & 56 (FDA), and 40 CFR 26 (EPA), where applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahby Banks, PhD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Funding: This work was supported by CARES Act funding awarded through the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (as mandated by the NCGA in subdivision (23) of Section 3.3 of Session Law 2020-4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"data collection, E.M. and M.L","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"effective May 4, 2020), for the project \u201cTechnical Assistance Using a Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach and Evidence-based Strategies to Ensure a Safe Return to Work in North Carolina\u201d (no grant number)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"formal analysis, E.M. and M.L","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"project administration, E.M. and R.G","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"supervision, L.L. and L.N-F","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"visualization, E.M","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002517446","display_name":"John A. Staley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4895-0916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4895-0916","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7810-4394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198423848","display_name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0502a2655","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I198423848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113549","display_name":"Center for Construction Research and Training","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnhsa91","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147249","display_name":"Geosyntec Consultants (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048y5x817","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261791","display_name":"North Carolina General Assembly","ror":"https://ror.org/05vdh4r44","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Staley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). This study was reviewed in accordance with federal regulations governing human subjects research, including those found at 45 CFR 46 (Common Rule), 45 CFR 164 (HIPAA), 21 CFR 50 & 56 (FDA), and 40 CFR 26 (EPA), where applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study","Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","Bahby Banks, PhD","Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team","Funding: This work was supported by CARES Act funding awarded through the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (as mandated by the NCGA in subdivision (23) of Section 3.3 of Session Law 2020-4","North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP","The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA","The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University","data collection, E.M. and M.L","effective May 4, 2020), for the project \u201cTechnical Assistance Using a Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach and Evidence-based Strategies to Ensure a Safe Return to Work in North Carolina\u201d (no grant number)","formal analysis, E.M. and M.L","funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","project administration, E.M. and R.G","supervision, L.L. and L.N-F","visualization, E.M","writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F","writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I198423848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). 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We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahby Banks, PhD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edwin B. 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Greenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). This study was reviewed in accordance with federal regulations governing human subjects research, including those found at 45 CFR 46 (Common Rule), 45 CFR 164 (HIPAA), 21 CFR 50 & 56 (FDA), and 40 CFR 26 (EPA), where applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study","Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","Bahby Banks, PhD","Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team","Funding: This work was supported by CARES Act funding awarded through the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (as mandated by the NCGA in subdivision (23) of Section 3.3 of Session Law 2020-4","North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP","The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA","The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University","data collection, E.M. and M.L","effective May 4, 2020), for the project \u201cTechnical Assistance Using a Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach and Evidence-based Strategies to Ensure a Safe Return to Work in North Carolina\u201d (no grant number)","formal analysis, E.M. and M.L","funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","project administration, E.M. and R.G","supervision, L.L. and L.N-F","visualization, E.M","writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F","writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. 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Nylander-French","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants; Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP; The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University; Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team; Bahby Banks, PhD; Diane Gavarkavich, EdD; and members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M.; data collection, E.M. and M.L.; formal analysis, E.M. and M.L.; writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F.; writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F.; visualization, E.M.; supervision, L.L. and L.N-F.; project administration, E.M. and R.G.; funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","Conflicts of Interest: NONE DECLARED","Disclaimer: Total Worker Health\u00ae is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Participation by the Carolina PROSPER study does not imply endorsement by HHS, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","Ethical Considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics (study # 20-2275, approved 10 November 2020). This study was reviewed in accordance with federal regulations governing human subjects research, including those found at 45 CFR 46 (Common Rule), 45 CFR 164 (HIPAA), 21 CFR 50 & 56 (FDA), and 40 CFR 26 (EPA), where applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study","Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations who provided their time and expertise to help us deliver resources and services to North Carolina businesses during the study: Frank Stillo III, PhD, Savannah Volkoff, PhD, and the team at Geosyntec Consultants","Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., L.N-F., J.S., M.L., R.G., and E.M","Bahby Banks, PhD","Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Diane Gavarkavich, EdD","Edwin B. Fisher, PhD, Patrick Tang, MPH, and the Peers for Progress team","Funding: This work was supported by CARES Act funding awarded through the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (as mandated by the NCGA in subdivision (23) of Section 3.3 of Session Law 2020-4","North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Richard Cravener Jr., MS, CIH, CSP","The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA","The Ergonomics Center, North Carolina State University","data collection, E.M. and M.L","effective May 4, 2020), for the project \u201cTechnical Assistance Using a Total Worker Health\u00ae Approach and Evidence-based Strategies to Ensure a Safe Return to Work in North Carolina\u201d (no grant number)","formal analysis, E.M. and M.L","funding acquisition, L.L. and L.N-F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","members of the Carolina PROSPER Community Advisory Board. Lastly, we want to thank the following UNC graduate research assistants who assisted in conducting employee assessments and synthesizing assessment results: Hannah Barker, Sara Garzia, Mahfuz Nasiri, and Aldrea Speight","project administration, E.M. and R.G","supervision, L.L. and L.N-F","visualization, E.M","writing\u2014original draft preparation, E.M., M.L., J.S., L.L., and L.N-F","writing\u2014review and editing, E.M., M.L., J.S., R.G., L.L., and L.N-F"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acknowledgments: The Carolina PROSPER team would like to thank the workers and their employers who volunteered their time and energy for our study. 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