{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385622019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","title":"Authorized Generics In The US: Prevalence, Characteristics, And Timing, 2010\u201319","display_name":"Authorized Generics In The US: Prevalence, Characteristics, And Timing, 2010\u201319","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385622019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37549330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003868562","display_name":"Annabelle C. Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-5398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-5398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I869633025","display_name":"Charles River Associates","ror":"https://ror.org/04enbdd69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I869633025"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annabelle C. Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annabelle C. Fowler, Charles River Associates, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annabelle C. Fowler, Charles River Associates, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I869633025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048217456","display_name":"Ruben Jacobo-Rubio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Jacobo-Rubio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruben Jacobo-Rubio, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruben Jacobo-Rubio, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103136940","display_name":"Jing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-0130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-0130"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jing Xu (), Food and Drug Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jing Xu (), Food and Drug Administration","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85785444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"8","first_page":"1071","last_page":"1080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorized-generics","display_name":"authorized generics","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generic-drugs","display_name":"generic drugs","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generic-drug-competition","display_name":"generic competition","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-market","display_name":"prescription drug market","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-pricing","display_name":"drug pricing","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fda-drug-approval","display_name":"FDA drug approval","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7064673900604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018890749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204711","display_name":"Food and drug administration","level":2,"score":0.6859379410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992181568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431289","display_name":"Brand names","level":2,"score":0.6364104747772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5153660178184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.501492977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643563","display_name":"Prescription drug","level":3,"score":0.49622398614883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.46920934319496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910862244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240896","display_name":"Drug prices","level":2,"score":0.4567708671092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776396487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506319","display_name":"Generic drug","level":3,"score":0.43518009781837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.33220505714416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27752596139907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.18306788802146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1720339059829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.09041741490364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0902763307094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016568","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Generic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040541","descriptor_name":"Marketing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055553","descriptor_name":"Prescription Drugs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37549330","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37549330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045552751","https://openalex.org/W2139352650","https://openalex.org/W2520997953","https://openalex.org/W2585448320","https://openalex.org/W2777138880","https://openalex.org/W2795882173","https://openalex.org/W3122716616","https://openalex.org/W3123951058","https://openalex.org/W3141277599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410947911","https://openalex.org/W1837324718","https://openalex.org/W2101942703","https://openalex.org/W4321598758","https://openalex.org/W3141814520","https://openalex.org/W2161918288","https://openalex.org/W2107453905","https://openalex.org/W2599834858","https://openalex.org/W2561346376","https://openalex.org/W2045799474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authorized":[0],"generics":[1,65,93,107,119,139],"are":[2,7],"approved":[3],"brand-name":[4,10,49],"drugs":[5],"that":[6],"sold":[8],"by":[9],"manufacturers":[11],"or":[12,122],"licensees":[13],"without":[14],"brands":[15],"on":[16,104,134,140],"their":[17,20,35,37,47],"labeling.":[18],"Despite":[19],"prevalence":[21],"in":[22,26,34,80],"prescription":[23],"drug":[24],"markets":[25,86,105],"the":[27,44,67,96,111,124,135],"US,":[28],"little":[29],"is":[30],"known":[31],"about":[32,114],"trends":[33],"launches,":[36],"timing":[38],"relative":[39],"to":[40,60,145],"traditional":[41,88],"generics,":[42,89],"and":[43,54,57,143],"characteristics":[45],"of":[46,91,117,137],"respective":[48,97],"drugs.":[50],"We":[51,70],"linked":[52],"Food":[53],"Drug":[55],"Administration":[56],"IQVIA":[58],"data":[59],"investigate":[61],"newly":[62],"launched":[63,94,120],"authorized":[64,92,118,138],"during":[66,123],"period":[68],"2010-19.":[69],"found":[71],"854":[72],"launches":[73,78],"over":[74],"this":[75],"period,":[76],"with":[77,87],"peaking":[79],"2014.":[81],"Marketing":[82],"appears":[83],"strategic:":[84],"In":[85],"three-fourths":[90],"after":[95],"generic":[98],"competition":[99],"started.":[100],"When":[101],"we":[102],"focused":[103],"where":[106],"were":[108],"eligible":[109],"for":[110,131],"180-day":[112],"exclusivity,":[113],"70":[115],"percent":[116],"before":[121],"exclusivity":[125],"period.":[126],"These":[127],"findings":[128],"provide":[129],"insights":[130],"future":[132],"research":[133],"effect":[136],"competition,":[141],"prices,":[142],"access":[144],"generics.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-08-08T00:00:00"}
