{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385607907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","title":"Productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by zinc fertilization under semi-arid conditions of Kandahar, Afghanistan","display_name":"Productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by zinc fertilization under semi-arid conditions of Kandahar, Afghanistan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385607907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/363/126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/363/126","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093247645","display_name":"Najibullah Hemmat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283991","display_name":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw5g820","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NAJIBULLAH HEMMAT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078579188","display_name":"Khalilullah Khaleeq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9052-135X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9052-135X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283991","display_name":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw5g820","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KHALILULLAH KHALEEQ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028853350","display_name":"Nasir Ahmad Nasrat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5115-6907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5115-6907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283991","display_name":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw5g820","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NASIR AHMAD NASRAT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112990719","display_name":"Samarth Lal Meena","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. MEENA","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028811755","display_name":"Yashbir Singh Shivay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-2785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-2785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y.S. SHIVAY","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047006417","display_name":"Dinesh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-2761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-2761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DINESH KUMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081694533","display_name":"Cini Varghese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-7178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-7178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1141210","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03kkevc75","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1141210","https://openalex.org/I179420787"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CINI VARGHESE","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1141210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2157,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86368154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"215","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-fertilization","display_name":"zinc fertilization","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-sulfate","display_name":"zinc sulfate","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-zinc-spray","display_name":"foliar zinc spray","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harvest-index","display_name":"harvest index","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiarid-conditions","display_name":"semi-arid conditions","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kandahar","display_name":"Kandahar","score":0.9240000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76758496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118","display_name":"Tonne","level":2,"score":0.7312698364257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.6795696020126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.6701982021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6120415925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.5799053311347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.5797919631004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780920634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705818","display_name":"Test weight","level":3,"score":0.5452660918235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.5423600673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5044320821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.47926685214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.42930904030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4262131452560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3633137345314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35173869132995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3513508439064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.2960479259490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18773722648620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/363/126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.363","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/363/126","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385607907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385607907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968294721","https://openalex.org/W2018555877","https://openalex.org/W2480159583","https://openalex.org/W2585239538","https://openalex.org/W2792558428","https://openalex.org/W2801502052","https://openalex.org/W3092947020","https://openalex.org/W4318715267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193457727","https://openalex.org/W4400174056","https://openalex.org/W3026195441","https://openalex.org/W3197404150","https://openalex.org/W7154380554","https://openalex.org/W2225377775","https://openalex.org/W2801502052","https://openalex.org/W1588309166","https://openalex.org/W4403016373","https://openalex.org/W2585239538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"experiment":[2],"was":[3,213],"conducted":[4],"during":[5],"winter":[6],"(rabi)":[7],"season":[8],"of":[9,14,35,43,56,79,95,115,141,178,197,209,217,222],"2019\u201320,":[10],"at":[11,59,67],"research":[12],"farm":[13],"the":[15,33,93,116,139,176,194],"Afghanistan":[16],"National":[17],"Agricultural":[18],"Sciences":[19],"and":[20,40,65,86,130,167,220],"Technology":[21],"University":[22],"(ANASTU),":[23],"Kandahar,":[24],"Afghanistan,":[25],"in":[26,215],"randomized":[27],"complete-block":[28],"design":[29],"to":[30],"find":[31],"out":[32],"effect":[34],"zinc":[36],"on":[37],"growth,":[38,218],"yield":[39,119,123,219],"yield-attributing":[41],"characters":[42],"wheat":[44],"(Triticum":[45],"aestivum":[46],"L.).":[47],"Results":[48],"revealed":[49],"that,":[50],"plant":[51],"height":[52],"(100.3":[53],"cm),":[54],"number":[55,78],"tillers/m2":[57],"[346":[58],"60":[60],"days":[61],"after":[62],"sowing":[63],"(DAS)":[64],"576":[66],"90":[68],"DAS],":[69],"leaf-area":[70],"index":[71,132],"(1.98),":[72],"dry-matter":[73],"production":[74],"(291":[75],"g/m2":[76],"),":[77],"spikes/m2":[80],"(319),":[81],"spikelets/spike":[82],"(20.7),":[83],"grains/spike":[84],"(51.1)":[85],"1,000-grain":[87],"weight":[88],"(52.2":[89],"g)":[90],"obtained":[91],"with":[92,175],"application":[94,140,177,196],"2.5":[96,142,179,198],"kg":[97,143,180,199],"Zn/ha":[98,144,181,200],"as":[99,145,182,201],"basal":[100,146,183,202],"+":[101,147,184,205],"2":[102,148,185,206],"foliar":[103,149,186,207],"sprays":[104,150,187,208],"@":[105,151,188,211],"0.5%":[106,152,189,212],"through":[107,153,190,203],"ZnSO4":[108,191,204,210],",":[109],"were":[110,135,172],"significantly":[111],"higher":[112,137,174],"over":[113],"rest":[114],"treatments.":[117],"Grain":[118],"(4.09":[120],"tonnes/ha),":[121],"straw":[122],"(6.39":[124],"tonne/ha),":[125],"biological":[126],"yields":[127],"(10.2":[128],"tonne/ha)":[129],"harvest":[131],"(40%)":[133],"too":[134],"recorded":[136],"under":[138],"ZnSO4.":[154],"Gross":[155],"returns":[156,162],"(147.23":[157],"\u00d7":[158,164],"103":[159,165],"`/ha),":[160],"net":[161],"(103.39":[163],"`/ha)":[166],"benefit:":[168],"cost":[169],"ratios":[170],"(3.19)":[171],"also":[173],".":[192],"Overall,":[193],"soil":[195],"best":[214],"terms":[216],"profitability":[221],"wheat.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2023-08-06T00:00:00"}