{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385605752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","title":"Changes to reproductive endocrinology and infertility practice, research, and training as investor mergers increase","display_name":"Changes to reproductive endocrinology and infertility practice, research, and training as investor mergers increase","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385605752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38204944","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10774877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190587","display_name":"F&S Reports","issn_l":"2666-3341","issn":["2666-3341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F&amp;S Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080352080","display_name":"Farrah Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farrah L. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086044543","display_name":"Eli Y. Adashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-1192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-1192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli Y. Adashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island","Professor of Medical Science, Former Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Medical Science, Former Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086413817","display_name":"David B. Sable","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1780-7003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1780-7003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Sable","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York","Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059415485","display_name":"Vitaly A. Kushnir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-1166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-1166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitaly A. Kushnir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of California Irvine, Orange, California","Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine. Orange, CA 92868"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of California Irvine, Orange, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine. Orange, CA 92868","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073212927","display_name":"Hugh Stott Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-8310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-8310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh S. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080352080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2000},"fwci":2.0403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85817776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"332","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-equity","display_name":"private equity","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-clinics","display_name":"fertility clinics","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-endocrinology-and-infertility","display_name":"reproductive endocrinology and infertility","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-ownership","display_name":"investor ownership","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fellowship-training","display_name":"fellowship training","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-school-affiliation","display_name":"medical school affiliation","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infertility-research","display_name":"infertility research","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trainee-experiences","display_name":"trainee experiences","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71110296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476115","display_name":"Private equity","level":2,"score":0.6930438280105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992394448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246234","display_name":"Private practice","level":2,"score":0.6894928812980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.6429672241210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528184715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145564","display_name":"Reproductive endocrinology and infertility","level":4,"score":0.6055095195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910305967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7314309","display_name":"Reproductive Endocrinology","level":3,"score":0.5327010154724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5134145021438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984776528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equity","level":2,"score":0.5047646760940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.4718969762325287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4310978651046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4239184260368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3951054811477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35220614075660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34309300780296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.25928831100463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.23957288265228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2288150191307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.11726701259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10672476887702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10476270318031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0837278664112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.08371514081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190587","display_name":"F&S Reports","issn_l":"2666-3341","issn":["2666-3341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F&amp;S Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10774877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10774877","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10774877/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F S Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38204944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38204944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F&S reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df85f7dc8687421c8db232a1113d9df9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df85f7dc8687421c8db232a1113d9df9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"F&S Reports, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 332-336 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xfre.2023.08.001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190587","display_name":"F&S Reports","issn_l":"2666-3341","issn":["2666-3341"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F&amp;S Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000905448","display_name":"Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award","funder_award_id":"UL1TR001863","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385605752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385605752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827919401","https://openalex.org/W2769747504","https://openalex.org/W2894726760","https://openalex.org/W2917170344","https://openalex.org/W2962848642","https://openalex.org/W2971070588","https://openalex.org/W2998975166","https://openalex.org/W3007746791","https://openalex.org/W3009686762","https://openalex.org/W3020536834","https://openalex.org/W3035704181","https://openalex.org/W3081164426","https://openalex.org/W3114656222","https://openalex.org/W3139345696","https://openalex.org/W3151032643","https://openalex.org/W3184056914","https://openalex.org/W3199603696","https://openalex.org/W4200068228","https://openalex.org/W4205645193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412819143","https://openalex.org/W7117559492","https://openalex.org/W4410883325","https://openalex.org/W4417327792","https://openalex.org/W4411332211","https://openalex.org/W3199603696","https://openalex.org/W4411749178","https://openalex.org/W7112429721","https://openalex.org/W2032704161","https://openalex.org/W4413177805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Private":[0],"equity":[1],"investment":[2],"in":[3,15,36,97],"fertility":[4,64],"clinics":[5],"has":[6],"rapidly":[7],"increased":[8],"and":[9,21,38,42,56,75,114],"is":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,30],"unprecedented":[13],"changes":[14],"the":[16,103,108,119],"field":[17],"of":[18,26,44,53,72],"reproductive":[19],"endocrinology":[20],"infertility":[22],"(REI).":[23],"The":[24],"goal":[25],"this":[27],"paper":[28],"was":[29],"review":[31],"private":[32,62,85,91,98],"equity's":[33],"current":[34],"integration":[35],"REI":[37,78,100],"discuss":[39,107],"both":[40],"benefits":[41],"challenges":[43],"investor":[45,123],"involvement.":[46],"We":[47],"found":[48],"that":[49,81,122],"at":[50],"least":[51],"25%":[52],"fellowship":[54,79],"programs":[55,80],"medical":[57,73],"schools":[58,74],"were":[59,82,87],"affiliated":[60,83],"with":[61,84],"practice":[63],"clinics,":[65],"not":[66],"free-standing":[67],"academic":[68],"clinics.":[69,101],"Approximately":[70],"half":[71],"nearly":[76],"all":[77],"practices":[86],"also":[88,117],"backed":[89],"by":[90],"investors.":[92],"Research":[93],"participation":[94],"remains":[95],"robust":[96],"equity-affiliated":[99],"With":[102],"changing":[104],"infrastructure,":[105],"we":[106],"potential":[109],"influence":[110],"on":[111],"trainee":[112],"experience":[113],"research":[115],"while":[116],"acknowledging":[118],"unique":[120],"advantages":[121],"involvement":[124],"may":[125],"offer.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-08-06T00:00:00"}
