{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385597618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","title":"Assessing the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the 2023 Japanese Nursing Examination","display_name":"Assessing the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the 2023 Japanese Nursing Examination","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385597618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37667724","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10475149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.42924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/173248/20230804-7798-1gymyg9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/173248/20230804-7798-1gymyg9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022500366","display_name":"Yudai Kaneda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-9439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-9439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yudai Kaneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727098","display_name":"Ryo Takahashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-9666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-9666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryo Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055541917","display_name":"Uiri Kaneda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uiri Kaneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069688781","display_name":"Shiori Akashima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiori Akashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001278017","display_name":"Haruna Okita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruna Okita","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sadaya Misaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadaya Misaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076047627","display_name":"Akimi Yamashiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akimi Yamashiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009126781","display_name":"Akihiko Ozaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-9657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-9657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akihiko Ozaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020157236","display_name":"Tetsuya E. Tanimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-8587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-8587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109009565","display_name":"Dokkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vj3cz23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173893349","display_name":"Shokei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qheje62","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102350","display_name":"Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00njwz164","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136522","display_name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kjjhe36","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151342","display_name":"Shonan Kamakura General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xz3hj66","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254103","display_name":"Navitas Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/01e2d5r18","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Tanimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN",". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN",". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN",". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN",". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN",". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN",". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Foreign Languages, Dokkyo University, Saitama, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Nutrition Science, Shokei Gakuin University, Miyagi, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173893349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, JPN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonoda Daiichi Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sonodakai Joint Replacement Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022500366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109009565","https://openalex.org/I173893349","https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I4210102350","https://openalex.org/I4210136522","https://openalex.org/I4210151342","https://openalex.org/I4405254103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7783,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87041004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"e42924","last_page":"e42924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt-4","display_name":"GPT-4","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt-3-5","display_name":"GPT-3.5","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-licensure-examination","display_name":"nursing licensure examination","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-evaluation","display_name":"model evaluation","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-based-questions","display_name":"scenario-based questions","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6973497271537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.6008026599884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41996294260025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4148106575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14034327864646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.42924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/173248/20230804-7798-1gymyg9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10475149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10475149","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10475149/pdf/cureus-0015-00000042924.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37667724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37667724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.42924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42924","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/173248/20230804-7798-1gymyg9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385597618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385597618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064378971","https://openalex.org/W2895763047","https://openalex.org/W2901612843","https://openalex.org/W2946775412","https://openalex.org/W3025011581","https://openalex.org/W3095596619","https://openalex.org/W4297880168","https://openalex.org/W4308244910","https://openalex.org/W4308326503","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W4321116084","https://openalex.org/W4361289889","https://openalex.org/W4361297024","https://openalex.org/W4377232329","https://openalex.org/W4380685958","https://openalex.org/W4385827193","https://openalex.org/W4392681182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380685958","https://openalex.org/W4323981476","https://openalex.org/W4391135342","https://openalex.org/W4387305434","https://openalex.org/W4402462073","https://openalex.org/W4378528433","https://openalex.org/W7118665070","https://openalex.org/W4389618630","https://openalex.org/W4392196456","https://openalex.org/W4392906843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,34,53,216],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,22,72,89,104,127,205,213,219,267],"this":[4],"study":[5,35,54],"was":[6],"to":[7,43,86,107,163,177,193,224,274],"evaluate":[8],"the":[9,14,23,46,94,109,130,152,170,184,226],"changes":[10],"in":[11,112,242,258],"capabilities":[12,269],"between":[13,66],"Generative":[15],"Pre-trained":[16],"Transformer":[17],"(GPT)-3.5":[18],"and":[19,40,61,68,70,83,114,119,136,207,251,270,279],"GPT-4":[20,122,143,208,217],"versions":[21,38,81],"large-scale":[24],"language":[25],"model":[26],"ChatGPT":[27,37,80,220],"within":[28],"a":[29,145],"Japanese":[30,48,91,243],"medical":[31,235],"context.":[32],"Methods":[33],"involved":[36],"3.5":[39,82],"4":[41,84],"responding":[42],"questions":[44,92,157],"from":[45,93,159,173,189,230],"112th":[47,95],"National":[49],"Nursing":[50],"Examination":[51],"(JNNE).":[52],"comprised":[55],"three":[56],"analyses:":[57],"correct":[58,73],"answer":[59,74],"rate":[60,63,103,126,148,204,212],"score":[62],"calculations,":[64],"comparisons":[65,71],"GPT-3.5":[67,98,162,176,192,200],"GPT-4,":[69],"rates":[75,154,171,186],"for":[76,155],"conversation":[77,198],"questions.":[78],"Results":[79],"responded":[85],"237":[87],"out":[88],"238":[90],"JNNE.":[96],"While":[97],"achieved":[99],"an":[100,124,202,210,265],"overall":[101],"accuracy":[102,125,147,153,185,203,211],"59.9%,":[105],"failing":[106],"meet":[108],"passing":[110,131],"standards":[111,132],"compulsory":[113,156],"general/scenario-based":[115],"questions,":[116,169,183,199],"scoring":[117,134],"58.0%":[118,160],"58.3%,":[120],"respectively,":[121],"had":[123,201,209],"79.7%,":[128],"satisfying":[129],"by":[133],"90.0%":[135,164],"77.7%,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"For":[139,167,197],"each":[140],"problem":[141],"type,":[142],"showed":[144],"higher":[146],"than":[149],"GPT-3.5.":[150,231],"Specifically,":[151],"improved":[158,187],"with":[161,165,175,179,191,195,264],"GPT-4.":[166,180,196],"general":[168],"went":[172],"64.6%":[174],"75.6%":[178],"In":[181],"scenario-based":[182],"substantially":[188],"51.7%":[190],"80.0%":[194],"73.3%":[206],"93.3%.":[214],"Conclusions":[215],"version":[218],"displayed":[221],"performance":[222],"sufficient":[223],"pass":[225],"JNNE,":[227],"significantly":[228],"improving":[229],"This":[232],"suggests":[233],"specialized":[234],"training":[236,252],"could":[237],"make":[238],"such":[239],"models":[240],"beneficial":[241],"clinical":[244],"settings,":[245],"aiding":[246],"decision-making.":[247],"However,":[248],"user":[249],"awareness":[250],"are":[253],"crucial,":[254],"given":[255],"potential":[256],"inaccuracies":[257],"ChatGPT's":[259],"responses.":[260],"Hence,":[261],"responsible":[262],"usage":[263],"understanding":[266],"its":[268],"limitations":[271],"is":[272],"vital":[273],"best":[275],"support":[276],"healthcare":[277],"professionals":[278],"patients.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}
