{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385582269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394","title":"Data-Driven Approach for Measuring and Managing Physical Distancing in Subways during Pandemic Conditions","display_name":"Data-Driven Approach for Measuring and Managing Physical Distancing in Subways during Pandemic Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385582269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/03611981231190394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025092064","display_name":"Hyunsoo Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-8321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-8321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunsoo Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-8321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002842064","display_name":"Eun Hak Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-4895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-4895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272820","display_name":"Texas A&M Transportation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04ryn6t67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eun Hak Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimodal Planning & Environment Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Bryan, TX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-4895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimodal Planning & Environment Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Bryan, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272820","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087035575","display_name":"Sedong Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-8994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-8994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sedong Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-8994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377978","display_name":"Dong\u2010Kyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3043","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-2701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269456","display_name":"Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/047v5p666","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269456"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Kyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4405269456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100377978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4405269456"],"apc_list":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81936351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2678","issue":"5","first_page":"588","last_page":"600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.38839998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.38839998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.274399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distancing","display_name":"social distancing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subway-passengers","display_name":"subway passengers","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2-transmission","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 transmission","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"public transport","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card-data","display_name":"smart card data","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time-comparison","display_name":"travel time comparison","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-policy","display_name":"transport policy","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seoul-subway","display_name":"Seoul subway","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.7293950319290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.6810170412063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.525443971157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5221396088600159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4683971405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4584585726261139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.4161708950996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3898833692073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3233427405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3156117796897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2921241521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.16614091396331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1349412500858307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/03611981231190394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005197983","https://openalex.org/W2027739325","https://openalex.org/W2044985623","https://openalex.org/W2195861704","https://openalex.org/W2754305864","https://openalex.org/W2775182174","https://openalex.org/W2905290062","https://openalex.org/W2980941896","https://openalex.org/W3019171498","https://openalex.org/W3032742287","https://openalex.org/W3037342341","https://openalex.org/W3041576741","https://openalex.org/W3046017759","https://openalex.org/W3084362734","https://openalex.org/W3087165902","https://openalex.org/W3100161724","https://openalex.org/W3108875719","https://openalex.org/W3111418508","https://openalex.org/W3112590919","https://openalex.org/W3122402508","https://openalex.org/W3133590821","https://openalex.org/W3136836432","https://openalex.org/W3143603175","https://openalex.org/W3147309448","https://openalex.org/W3170142724","https://openalex.org/W3189538033","https://openalex.org/W3191326438","https://openalex.org/W3191954271","https://openalex.org/W3198464327","https://openalex.org/W4206057129","https://openalex.org/W4304112941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200115886","https://openalex.org/W6923418675","https://openalex.org/W4404738526","https://openalex.org/W3170142724","https://openalex.org/W4220970684","https://openalex.org/W4387135129","https://openalex.org/W4379878511","https://openalex.org/W4385614817","https://openalex.org/W4200259106","https://openalex.org/W4411347451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"distancing":[1,77,102,176],"was":[2],"considered":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,13,45,75,94,138,144,155,165,195],"the":[6,11,43,49,92,124,136,142,152,159,179,187,210],"key":[7],"strategies":[8,225],"for":[9,97,223,226],"controlling":[10],"transmission":[12],"COVID-19.":[14],"Its":[15,55],"importance":[16,93],"is":[17],"particularly":[18],"emphasized":[19],"with":[20,192],"regard":[21],"to":[22,42,51,63,80,83,112,150,221],"public":[23,81,105,211,232],"transportation,":[24,39],"on":[25],"which":[26,140,173],"passengers":[27,145],"gather":[28],"in":[29,78,120,172],"confined":[30],"spaces":[31],"and":[32,61,99,115,200,217,229,237],"create":[33],"a":[34,109,227],"high":[35],"population":[36],"density.":[37],"Public":[38],"although":[40],"integral":[41],"functioning":[44],"urban":[46],"systems,":[47],"possesses":[48],"potential":[50,238],"facilitate":[52],"disease":[53],"transmission.":[54,71],"dual":[56],"nature":[57],"has":[58],"motivated":[59],"researchers":[60],"policymakers":[62,222],"propose":[64],"transportation":[65,82,196,212,233],"policies":[66],"aimed":[67],"at":[68],"minimizing":[69],"COVID-19":[70,236],"Nevertheless,":[72],"quantitative":[73],"assessments":[74],"physical":[76,101,133,156,167,175],"relation":[79],"support":[84],"informed":[85],"decision-making":[86],"remain":[87],"scarce.":[88],"This":[89],"study":[90],"highlights":[91],"data-driven":[95,203],"analytics":[96],"understanding":[98],"assessing":[100],"when":[103],"using":[104,135,190],"transportation.":[106],"By":[107],"applying":[108],"stochastic":[110],"approach":[111],"smart":[113],"card":[114],"train":[116],"log":[117],"data":[118],"collected":[119],"Seoul,":[121],"we":[122,169,182],"estimated":[123],"routes":[125],"traveled":[126],"by":[127],"subway":[128,160],"passengers.":[129],"We":[130],"then":[131],"calculated":[132],"distances":[134,157],"unit":[137],"links,":[139],"represents":[141],"flow":[143],"between":[146],"two":[147],"consecutive":[148],"stations,":[149],"obtain":[151],"spatiotemporal":[153],"distribution":[154],"across":[158],"network.":[161],"Using":[162],"percentile":[163],"ranks":[164],"these":[166],"distances,":[168],"identified":[170],"sections":[171],"close":[174],"persisted":[177],"after":[178],"pandemic.":[180],"Additionally,":[181],"conducted":[183],"an":[184],"analysis":[185,204],"comparing":[186],"travel":[188],"time":[189],"subways":[191],"alternative":[193],"modes":[194],"such":[197],"as":[198],"buses":[199],"automobiles.":[201],"Our":[202],"yields":[205],"insights":[206],"into":[207],"areas":[208],"within":[209],"system":[213,234],"that":[214],"require":[215],"intervention":[216],"provides":[218],"valuable":[219],"information":[220],"devising":[224],"safer":[228],"more":[230],"sustainable":[231],"considering":[235],"future":[239],"epidemics.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}