{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385576432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889","title":"The Child Tax Credit over Time by Family Type: Benefit Eligibility and Poverty","display_name":"The Child Tax Credit over Time by Family Type: Benefit Eligibility and Poverty","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385576432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/725889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116184629","display_name":"National Tax Journal","issn_l":"0028-0283","issn":["0028-0283","1944-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Tax Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014276310","display_name":"Margaret E. Brehm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret E. Brehm","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039394193","display_name":"Olga Malkova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Malkova","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91942335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"3","first_page":"707","last_page":"741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.0640999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-tax-credit","display_name":"child tax credit","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mothers","display_name":"single mothers","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-structure","display_name":"family structure","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-reform","display_name":"tax reform","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777281377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036463","display_name":"Earned income tax credit","level":3,"score":0.832788348197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.714902937412262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6555229425430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162077342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062630","display_name":"Tax credit","level":2,"score":0.5732580423355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776406151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204559","display_name":"Single parent","level":2,"score":0.516261100769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019420479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204559","display_name":"Single mothers","level":2,"score":0.4880017340183258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.47717586159706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.25009989738464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21594291925430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16795101761817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0732196569442749}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/725889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116184629","display_name":"National Tax Journal","issn_l":"0028-0283","issn":["0028-0283","1944-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Tax Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W562598250","https://openalex.org/W1072385659","https://openalex.org/W1591630102","https://openalex.org/W1985262307","https://openalex.org/W2084542323","https://openalex.org/W2130823269","https://openalex.org/W2153127887","https://openalex.org/W2157844820","https://openalex.org/W2354734035","https://openalex.org/W2473804681","https://openalex.org/W2727513549","https://openalex.org/W2887900586","https://openalex.org/W2913234066","https://openalex.org/W2944414955","https://openalex.org/W3122528327","https://openalex.org/W3123015728","https://openalex.org/W3125538194","https://openalex.org/W3125589405","https://openalex.org/W3207076572","https://openalex.org/W4206904220","https://openalex.org/W4210251514","https://openalex.org/W4213307593","https://openalex.org/W4245808708","https://openalex.org/W4254099967","https://openalex.org/W4393155058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166827919","https://openalex.org/W4229072448","https://openalex.org/W4390072273","https://openalex.org/W4402336084","https://openalex.org/W4406812132","https://openalex.org/W4206904220","https://openalex.org/W3217316161","https://openalex.org/W7211867483","https://openalex.org/W2341576131","https://openalex.org/W4387122440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examine":[1],"disparities":[2,45,76],"in":[3,74],"Child":[4],"Tax":[5],"Credit":[6],"(CTC)":[7],"eligibility":[8,52,82],"and":[9,26,53,83,98],"antipoverty":[10,54,85],"effects":[11],"since":[12],"1998":[13],"by":[14,34,46],"family":[15,47],"type.":[16],"Initially,":[17],"single":[18,60,88],"mothers":[19,61,89],"were":[20,27],"least":[21],"likely":[22],"to":[23],"be":[24],"eligible":[25],"underrepresented":[28],"among":[29,59],"those":[30],"lifted":[31],"from":[32],"poverty":[33],"the":[35,38,57,71,84],"CTC,":[36],"because":[37,64,92],"credit":[39,72],"was":[40],"virtually":[41],"nonrefundable.":[42],"By":[43],"2017,":[44],"type":[48],"mostly":[49],"disappear,":[50],"as":[51,81],"effectiveness":[55,86],"of":[56,65,87,93],"CTC":[58,68],"increases":[62],"dramatically":[63],"reforms":[66],"increasing":[67],"refundability.":[69,100],"When":[70],"doubles":[73],"2018,":[75],"revert":[77],"toward":[78],"initial":[79],"levels,":[80],"rises":[90],"least,":[91],"a":[94],"phaseout":[95],"threshold":[96],"expansion":[97],"partial":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}