{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385566680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","title":"The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in South Africa","display_name":"The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in South Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385566680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37542267","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10403893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018236452","display_name":"Thabo Mabuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-525X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-525X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thabo Mabuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-525X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082191894","display_name":"Nesisa Ncube","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-706X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-706X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesisa Ncube","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-706X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-4620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-4620"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-4620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025954156","display_name":"Andrea Silaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-6923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-6923"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Silaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-6923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023261036","display_name":"Willie Macharia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-946X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-946X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willie Macharia","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-946X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026467064","display_name":"Tinashe Ndemera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-5894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-5894"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinashe Ndemera","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-5894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045690382","display_name":"Tlaleng Lemeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-9838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-9838"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tlaleng Lemeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"African COVID-19 Modelling Research Group (ACMRG), The Afrikan Research Initiative (ARI), Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018236452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.3897,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78751174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"1492","last_page":"1492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13032","display_name":"COVID-19 Prevention and Impact","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-pharmaceutical-interventions","display_name":"non-pharmaceutical interventions","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2-transmission","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 transmission","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproduction-number","display_name":"reproduction number","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seir-model","display_name":"SEIR model","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excess-mortality","display_name":"excess mortality","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-mobility","display_name":"human mobility","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-waves","display_name":"epidemic waves","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilator-use","display_name":"ventilator use","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-utilization","display_name":"intensive care utilization","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-consumption","display_name":"oxygen consumption","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7332739233970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6620481014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.6539448499679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6031537055969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.596244215965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5763922333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5404018759727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5359713435173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5165661573410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.43931788206100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.4324268698692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.38982778787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06355619430541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.21259625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.21259625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.21259625","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/07/03/2021.06.29.21259625.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1795276/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1795276/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1795276/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1795276/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10403893","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10403893","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10403893/pdf/12889_2023_Article_16162.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37542267","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37542267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7872fc4edc1846f4b49e10c6ac599afb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7872fc4edc1846f4b49e10c6ac599afb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-37 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-023-16162-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8415457339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320672","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324164","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385566680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385566680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42525004","https://openalex.org/W1739451450","https://openalex.org/W1843978367","https://openalex.org/W2107904038","https://openalex.org/W2996345365","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3005787104","https://openalex.org/W3009203006","https://openalex.org/W3010902474","https://openalex.org/W3011176674","https://openalex.org/W3012189167","https://openalex.org/W3012862568","https://openalex.org/W3013086033","https://openalex.org/W3013294924","https://openalex.org/W3013967887","https://openalex.org/W3014948915","https://openalex.org/W3015056889","https://openalex.org/W3015664205","https://openalex.org/W3016031279","https://openalex.org/W3016509599","https://openalex.org/W3016955027","https://openalex.org/W3017257619","https://openalex.org/W3023441241","https://openalex.org/W3023595845","https://openalex.org/W3025328995","https://openalex.org/W3029383808","https://openalex.org/W3029670170","https://openalex.org/W3032742287","https://openalex.org/W3032971139","https://openalex.org/W3033154265","https://openalex.org/W3035555847","https://openalex.org/W3041199125","https://openalex.org/W3042164975","https://openalex.org/W3042312460","https://openalex.org/W3043457217","https://openalex.org/W3044311014","https://openalex.org/W3044346630","https://openalex.org/W3046950965","https://openalex.org/W3048976013","https://openalex.org/W3080438046","https://openalex.org/W3084287246","https://openalex.org/W3093482635","https://openalex.org/W3094031094","https://openalex.org/W3094542430","https://openalex.org/W3096401812","https://openalex.org/W3116362583","https://openalex.org/W3122968564","https://openalex.org/W3128186941","https://openalex.org/W3132725354","https://openalex.org/W3135291343","https://openalex.org/W3135383916","https://openalex.org/W3185956067","https://openalex.org/W4205606652","https://openalex.org/W4206233629","https://openalex.org/W4236152737","https://openalex.org/W4292055150","https://openalex.org/W6607144389","https://openalex.org/W6780996742","https://openalex.org/W7057362128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6958542614","https://openalex.org/W4312816728","https://openalex.org/W4406289290","https://openalex.org/W3160658189","https://openalex.org/W3042871495","https://openalex.org/W3178355470","https://openalex.org/W7047217752","https://openalex.org/W4391965648","https://openalex.org/W4406978230","https://openalex.org/W2086420809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2,344,387],"study,":[3],"we":[4],"investigated":[5,33,111],"the":[6,19,26,34,46,50,62,71,83,89,102,131,159,176,179,186,199,223,238,246,293,297,310,347,350,353,359,364,372,375,391,397,407,427,434,438],"impact":[7,72,439],"of":[8,21,23,49,73,85,296,336,352,361,374,399,409,429,440],"COVID-19":[9,24,35,43,51,60,64,86,93,104,132,188,208,220,225,283,300,339,355,366,377,392,410,420,430,435],"NPIs":[10,74,133],"in":[11,18,25,45,53,75,82,88,101,107,122,125,144,158,185,191,228,237,245,260,274,306,338,343,349,357,370,380,406,416,443],"South":[12,27,54,76,90,108,126,192,217,229,281,298,381,400,417],"Africa":[13,77,109,193,401],"to":[14,69,78,168,175,214,432],"understand":[15,79,433],"their":[16,80],"effectiveness":[17,81],"reduction":[20,84,157,408],"transmission":[22,87],"African":[28,91,127,230,282,299],"population.":[29,92],"This":[30],"study":[31,345,388],"also":[32,425],"testing,":[36,94],"reporting,":[37,95],"hospitalised":[38,96,412],"cases,":[39],"excess":[40,99],"deaths":[41,100,415],"and":[42,98,115,269,308,321,328,414,437],"modelling":[44,431],"first":[47,103,187,219,376,419],"wave":[48,106,190,379],"epidemic":[52,105,189,221,378,421],"Africa.":[55,382],"METHODS:":[56],"A":[57],"semi-reactive":[58],"stochastic":[59],"model,":[61,66],"ARI":[63],"SEIR":[65],"was":[67,166,194,201,211,232,287,312],"used":[68],"investigate":[70],"cases":[97,413],"were":[110,139,368],"using":[112],"regressional":[113],"analysis":[114],"descriptive":[116],"statistics.":[117],"FINDINGS:":[118],"The":[119,155,206,278,332,384,423],"general":[120,239],"trend":[121],"population":[123,146],"movement":[124,147],"locations":[128],"shows":[129,346],"that":[130,390],"(National":[134],"Lockdown":[135],"Alert":[136,153,172],"Levels":[137],"5,4,3,2)":[138],"approximately":[140],"30%":[141],"more":[142],"effective":[143,160,180],"reducing":[145],"concerning":[148,170],"each":[149],"increase":[150],"by":[151,196,203,396],"1":[152],"Level.":[154],"translated":[156],"SARS-CoV-2":[161,181],"daily":[162,182],"contact":[163,183],"number":[164,184,210],"(\u03b2)":[165],"6.12%":[167],"36.1%":[169],"increasing":[171],"Levels.":[173],"Due":[174],"implemented":[177,395],"NPIs,":[178],"reduced":[195],"58.1-71.1%":[197],"while":[198],"peak":[200],"delayed":[202],"84":[204],"days.":[205],"estimated":[207,279,294],"reproductive":[209],"between":[212],"1.98":[213],"0.40.":[215],"During":[216],"Africa's":[218,418],"wave,":[222],"mean":[224,280,295],"admission":[226],"status":[227],"hospitals":[231],"58.5%,":[233],"95%":[234,242,251,257,264,271,314,323],"CI":[235,243,252,258,265,272,315,324],"[58.1-59.0]":[236],"ward,":[240],"13.4%,":[241],"[13.1-13.7]":[244],"intensive":[247],"care":[248],"unit,":[249],"13.3%,":[250],"[12.6-14.0]":[253],"on":[254,267],"oxygen,":[255],"6.37%,":[256],"[6.23-6.51]":[259],"high":[261,334],"care,":[262],"6.29%,":[263],"[6.02-6.55]":[266],"ventilator":[268],"2.13%,":[270],"[1.87-2.43]":[273],"isolation":[275],"ward":[276],"respectively.":[277,331],"patient":[284,301],"discharge":[285],"rate":[286,304],"11.9":[288],"days":[289],"per":[290,318,326],"patient.":[291],"While":[292],"case":[302],"fatality":[303],"(CFR)":[305],"hospital":[307,311],"outside":[309],"2.06%,":[313],"[1.86-2.25]":[316],"(deaths":[317],"admitted":[319],"patients)":[320],"2.30%,":[322],"[1.12-3.83](deaths":[325],"severe":[327],"critical":[329],"cases)":[330],"relatively":[333],"coefficient":[335],"variance":[337],"model":[340],"outputs":[341],"observed":[342],"uncertainty":[348],"accuracy":[351],"reviewed":[354,365],"models":[356,367],"predicting":[358,371],"severity":[360],"COVID-19.":[362],"However,":[363],"accurate":[369],"progression":[373],"CONCLUSION:":[383],"results":[385,424],"from":[386],"show":[389,426],"NPI":[393],"policies":[394],"Government":[398],"played":[402],"a":[403],"significant":[404],"role":[405],"active,":[411],"wave.":[422],"use":[428],"pandemic":[436],"regressor":[441],"variables":[442],"an":[444],"epidemic.":[445]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-08-05T00:00:00"}