{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385490751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","title":"Imposing \u2018Enclosed Communities\u2019? Urban Gating of Large Housing Estates in Sweden and France","display_name":"Imposing \u2018Enclosed Communities\u2019? Urban Gating of Large Housing Estates in Sweden and France","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385490751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land12081535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/8/1535/pdf?version=1690980370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/8/1535/pdf?version=1690980370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113837019","display_name":"Karin Grundstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-6868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-6868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183111857","display_name":"Malm\u00f6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wp7an13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karin Grundstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Studies, Malm\u00f6 University, SE-205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-6868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Studies, Malm\u00f6 University, SE-205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075613180","display_name":"Christine Lel\u00e9vrier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-4143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-4143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019878935","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Urbanisme","ror":"https://ror.org/017x69387","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I3019878935","https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Lel\u00e9vrier","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Planning, Lab\u2019Urba, University of Paris-Est-Cr\u00e9teil, 94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Planning, Lab\u2019Urba, University of Paris-Est-Cr\u00e9teil, 94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I3019878935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113837019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183111857"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2447},"apc_paid":{"value":1931,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2082},"fwci":11.1891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98262233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1535","last_page":"1535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.19529999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12273","display_name":"Latin American Urban Studies","score":0.04639999940991402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gated-communities","display_name":"gated communities","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-housing-estates","display_name":"large housing estates","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enclosure","display_name":"enclosure","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defensible-space","display_name":"defensible space","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsegregation","display_name":"microsegregation","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state","display_name":"welfare state","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/densification","display_name":"densification","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malmo","display_name":"Malm\u00f6","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris","display_name":"Paris","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-policy","display_name":"housing policy","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-segregation","display_name":"urban segregation","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98375054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442709","display_name":"Enclosure","level":2,"score":0.8625662922859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.6902155876159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.538598358631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.43253639340400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33995428681373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3368549346923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.33071368932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2892836630344391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2688782513141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21972998976707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14697828888893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.143779456615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/land12081535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/8/1535/pdf?version=1690980370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:mau-63032","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-63032","pdf_url":"https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1803501/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04334812v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04334812","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04334812v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Land, 2023, Special Issue on Micro-Segregation (12), 19p. ⟨10.3390/land12081535⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:8:p:1535-:d:1209244","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/8/1535/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e27b2ea639a94e52be94e3aa6acb224a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e27b2ea639a94e52be94e3aa6acb224a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Land, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1535 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land12081535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12081535","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/8/1535/pdf?version=1690980370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5299999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2714294533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013\u20101794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","funder_display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjs1y45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385490751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385490751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586535603","https://openalex.org/W1635788796","https://openalex.org/W1948032669","https://openalex.org/W1966064051","https://openalex.org/W1972113715","https://openalex.org/W1982558465","https://openalex.org/W1983264160","https://openalex.org/W1985403256","https://openalex.org/W2003741023","https://openalex.org/W2042531468","https://openalex.org/W2061788436","https://openalex.org/W2069370845","https://openalex.org/W2071414233","https://openalex.org/W2084760428","https://openalex.org/W2087632888","https://openalex.org/W2094018929","https://openalex.org/W2101136897","https://openalex.org/W2106072450","https://openalex.org/W2111101221","https://openalex.org/W2118286552","https://openalex.org/W2118395830","https://openalex.org/W2118731758","https://openalex.org/W2124796752","https://openalex.org/W2137198839","https://openalex.org/W2174253539","https://openalex.org/W2236003941","https://openalex.org/W2283976763","https://openalex.org/W2295130986","https://openalex.org/W2299072459","https://openalex.org/W2335509146","https://openalex.org/W2337718816","https://openalex.org/W2482719215","https://openalex.org/W2568831487","https://openalex.org/W2581384019","https://openalex.org/W2684412820","https://openalex.org/W2734579415","https://openalex.org/W2763187691","https://openalex.org/W2783213315","https://openalex.org/W2792609458","https://openalex.org/W2910080397","https://openalex.org/W2942798727","https://openalex.org/W3102975856","https://openalex.org/W3174691433","https://openalex.org/W6618824226","https://openalex.org/W6830127921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749152322","https://openalex.org/W2684412820","https://openalex.org/W157459287","https://openalex.org/W2989635829","https://openalex.org/W3118309327","https://openalex.org/W4312573045","https://openalex.org/W2940244499","https://openalex.org/W7009764475","https://openalex.org/W7096713373","https://openalex.org/W749958206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gated":[0],"communities":[1],"and":[2,19,21,49,58,64,77,103,118,130,134,164],"gated":[3],"housing":[4,43,70,163,174,179],"enclaves":[5],"have":[6,34],"primarily":[7],"been":[8],"identified":[9],"as":[10,154],"elite":[11],"spaces":[12],"of":[13,39,66,99,115,122,132,141,162,177],"privilege":[14],"that":[15,54,86,138],"support":[16],"self-imposed":[17],"disaffiliation":[18],"spatial":[20],"social":[22,170],"withdrawal":[23],"by":[24,90,96,104],"the":[25,28,100,113,139,142,160,169],"affluent.":[26],"Over":[27],"past":[29],"decade,":[30],"however,":[31],"European":[32],"countries":[33],"also":[35,153],"seen":[36],"a":[37,50,97,105],"rise":[38],"gating":[40,67,87,117],"in":[41,68,74,80,149],"large":[42,69,173,178],"estates.":[44,175],"Drawing":[45],"on":[46],"previous":[47],"research":[48],"comparative":[51],"case":[52],"study":[53],"includes":[55],"interviews,":[56],"observations,":[57],"mapping,":[59],"this":[60],"article":[61],"analyses":[62],"policies":[63],"practices":[65],"estates":[71,180],"since":[72,78],"2010":[73],"Malm\u00f6,":[75],"Sweden":[76],"2000":[79],"Paris,":[81],"France.":[82],"We":[83,136],"argue,":[84],"first,":[85],"is":[88],"legitimised":[89],"policy":[91],"arguments":[92],"about":[93],"\u2018defensible":[94],"space\u2019,":[95],"critique":[98],"modernist":[101],"design,":[102],"perceived":[106],"need":[107],"for":[108],"diversification.":[109],"Secondly,":[110],"we":[111],"expand":[112],"notion":[114,140],"urban":[116,156],"identify":[119],"four":[120],"types":[121],"enclosure:":[123],"complete":[124],"enclosure,":[125],"semi-enclosure,":[126],"enclosure":[127,131],"through":[128],"densification,":[129],"parks":[133],"playgrounds.":[135],"conclude":[137],"welfare":[143],"state":[144],"has":[145],"changed,":[146],"not":[147],"only":[148],"financial":[150],"terms":[151],"but":[152],"an":[155],"form,":[157],"leading":[158],"to":[159,183],"micro-segregation":[161],"land,":[165],"which":[166],"makes":[167],"visible":[168],"stratification":[171],"within":[172],"Gating":[176],"thus":[181],"leads":[182],"\u2018enclosed":[184],"communities\u2019":[185],"rather":[186],"than":[187],"\u2018gated":[188],"communities\u2019.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2023-08-03T00:00:00"}