{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385462437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","title":"Improving vegetable tannins chemistry: A remarkable advancement in salt-free high tannin fixation","display_name":"Improving vegetable tannins chemistry: A remarkable advancement in salt-free high tannin fixation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385462437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","pdf_url":"https://wjaets.com/sites/default/files/WJAETS-2023-0217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239011","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","issn_l":"2582-8266","issn":["2582-8266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://wjaets.com/sites/default/files/WJAETS-2023-0217.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089709477","display_name":"Mahdi Ahmed Haroun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148209","display_name":"University of Bahri","ror":"https://ror.org/05jds5x60","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Haroun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industries, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri P.O. Box13104-Khartoum, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industries, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri P.O. Box13104-Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045053168","display_name":"Inas Osman Khojali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148209","display_name":"University of Bahri","ror":"https://ror.org/05jds5x60","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inas Osman Khojalyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry , Collage of Applied & Industrial Sciences , University of Bahri , P.O. Box13104 - Khartoum , Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry , Collage of Applied & Industrial Sciences , University of Bahri , P.O. Box13104 - Khartoum , Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037630477","display_name":"Manal Mohammed Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148209","display_name":"University of Bahri","ror":"https://ror.org/05jds5x60","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Mohammed Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industries , College of Applied and Industrial Sciences , University of Bahri P.O. Box13104 - Khartoum , Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industries , College of Applied and Industrial Sciences , University of Bahri P.O. Box13104 - Khartoum , Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089709477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"206","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11511","display_name":"Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11511","display_name":"Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13817","display_name":"Tannin, Tannase and Anticancer Activities","score":0.25609999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12085","display_name":"Collagen: Extraction and Characterization","score":0.0771000012755394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-tanning","display_name":"vegetable tanning","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leather-tanning","display_name":"leather tanning","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-conservation","display_name":"water conservation","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption-reduction","display_name":"energy consumption reduction","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.6631906628608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6045427918434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.5707075595855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.5467069745063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187607","display_name":"Tannin","level":2,"score":0.5463897585868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.49304768443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4882969856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.44443008303642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3516765236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34350839257240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.31264418363571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2623932361602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16241219639778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.12952375411987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","pdf_url":"https://wjaets.com/sites/default/files/WJAETS-2023-0217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239011","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","issn_l":"2582-8266","issn":["2582-8266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.0217","pdf_url":"https://wjaets.com/sites/default/files/WJAETS-2023-0217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239011","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","issn_l":"2582-8266","issn":["2582-8266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385462437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385462437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963564970","https://openalex.org/W1964436585","https://openalex.org/W1965642447","https://openalex.org/W1967052680","https://openalex.org/W1974091227","https://openalex.org/W1987626218","https://openalex.org/W2006594422","https://openalex.org/W2034845576","https://openalex.org/W2035165638","https://openalex.org/W2047165965","https://openalex.org/W2049143993","https://openalex.org/W2052363627","https://openalex.org/W2064044964","https://openalex.org/W2067642564","https://openalex.org/W2521984740","https://openalex.org/W2548218092","https://openalex.org/W2626848248","https://openalex.org/W4321794881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547491995","https://openalex.org/W2938083610","https://openalex.org/W2087801392","https://openalex.org/W4366003992","https://openalex.org/W3004275942","https://openalex.org/W2050129098","https://openalex.org/W2034845576","https://openalex.org/W195632111","https://openalex.org/W2249618716","https://openalex.org/W34729410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"tanning":[1,103,126,148],"practices":[2],"often":[3],"result":[4],"in":[5,76,82,102],"harmful":[6],"waste":[7],"products":[8],"that":[9],"pose":[10],"significant":[11,73],"environmental":[12,43,60,134],"risks,":[13],"including":[14],"water":[15,57,77],"pollution,":[16],"non-biodegradable":[17],"solids,":[18],"hazardous":[19],"emissions,":[20],"and":[21,30,54,85,104,118],"unpleasant":[22],"odors.":[23],"However,":[24],"this":[25,63,112],"study":[26],"introduces":[27],"a":[28,72,79,97,143],"simple":[29],"effective":[31],"alternative":[32],"method":[33,47,113],"for":[34,146],"industrial-scale":[35],"vegetable":[36,147],"tanning,":[37],"with":[38],"the":[39,49,108],"goal":[40],"of":[41,51,62,88,100],"minimizing":[42],"pollution.":[44],"This":[45,128],"innovative":[46],"eliminates":[48],"use":[50],"common":[52],"salt":[53],"substantially":[55],"reduces":[56],"consumption.":[58],"The":[59],"benefits":[61],"new":[64],"approach":[65,130],"are":[66],"remarkable.":[67],"It":[68],"has":[69],"led":[70],"to":[71,96,121],"70%":[74],"reduction":[75,99],"usage,":[78],"25%":[80],"decrease":[81],"energy":[83],"consumption,":[84],"complete":[86],"elimination":[87],"chloride":[89],"discharge.":[90],"These":[91],"changes":[92],"have":[93],"also":[94,137],"contributed":[95],"notable":[98],"60-70%":[101],"treatment":[105],"expenses.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"leathers":[109],"produced":[110,123],"using":[111],"exhibit":[114],"comparable":[115],"physical,":[116],"chemical,":[117],"sensory":[119],"properties":[120],"those":[122],"through":[124],"conventional":[125],"practices.":[127],"eco-friendly":[129],"not":[131],"only":[132],"addresses":[133],"concerns":[135],"but":[136],"offers":[138],"economic":[139],"advantages,":[140],"making":[141],"it":[142],"sustainable":[144],"choice":[145],"processes.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-08-02T00:00:00"}