{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385408445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","title":"Lithium Extraction and Hydropower Development in Bolivia: Climate Mitigation versus Indigenous Environmental Justice","display_name":"Lithium Extraction and Hydropower Development in Bolivia: Climate Mitigation versus Indigenous Environmental Justice","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385408445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5070/l620061627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt20h4q856/qt20h4q856.pdf?t=ryoadq","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186100","display_name":"Aleph UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2639-6440","issn":["2639-6440","2639-6459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt20h4q856/qt20h4q856.pdf?t=ryoadq","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109626914","display_name":"Evan Melendez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evan Melendez","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109626914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.883,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75211304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"0","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13687","display_name":"Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13687","display_name":"Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11933","display_name":"Mining and Resource Management","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-recovery","display_name":"lithium recovery","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydropower-development","display_name":"hydropower development","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-environmental-justice","display_name":"Indigenous environmental justice","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-mitigation","display_name":"climate change mitigation","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-degradation","display_name":"environmental degradation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-consultation","display_name":"indigenous consultation","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-earth","display_name":"Mother Earth","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bolivian-indigenous-peoples","display_name":"Bolivian indigenous peoples","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.8052252531051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479527","display_name":"Environmental justice","level":2,"score":0.6364201903343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920486","display_name":"Indigenous rights","level":3,"score":0.6037668585777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.5168338418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5140196084976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.4959782063961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.46893027424812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45249268412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128069549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental law","level":2,"score":0.44134098291397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.43803197145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43544429540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42312467098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41262054443359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.41073527932167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3922502100467682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3494412302970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19066795706748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18905028700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18475213646888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1303705871105194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5070/l620061627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt20h4q856/qt20h4q856.pdf?t=ryoadq","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186100","display_name":"Aleph UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2639-6440","issn":["2639-6440","2639-6459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt20h4q856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20h4q856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences, vol 20, iss 0","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5070/l620061627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5070/l620061627","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt20h4q856/qt20h4q856.pdf?t=ryoadq","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186100","display_name":"Aleph UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2639-6440","issn":["2639-6440","2639-6459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aleph, UCLA Undergraduate Research Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385408445.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385408445.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25269084","https://openalex.org/W1965040906","https://openalex.org/W2052585246","https://openalex.org/W2108065940","https://openalex.org/W2158819671","https://openalex.org/W2296333152","https://openalex.org/W2531535174","https://openalex.org/W2971780587","https://openalex.org/W2998882326","https://openalex.org/W3098204070","https://openalex.org/W3177243356","https://openalex.org/W3182804646","https://openalex.org/W4238956022","https://openalex.org/W4239193165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998882326","https://openalex.org/W4362672766","https://openalex.org/W2490121458","https://openalex.org/W4302562795","https://openalex.org/W4406907323","https://openalex.org/W3151618546","https://openalex.org/W2101947406","https://openalex.org/W2711471344","https://openalex.org/W4390984666","https://openalex.org/W7163841274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Located":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,5,50,53,60,65,73,82,94,108,137,147],"heart":[3],"of":[4,49,67,76,85,139,149,163],"Amazonian-Andean":[6],"geobiological":[7],"interface,":[8],"Bolivia":[9],"is":[10,133,167],"uniquely":[11],"situated":[12],"with":[13,89],"an":[14],"ecologically":[15],"diverse":[16],"landscape,":[17],"a":[18,57,90,161],"politically":[19],"active":[20],"Indigenous":[21,61,115,141],"population,":[22],"and":[23,43,102,114,151,176],"natural":[24],"resources":[25],"that":[26,129,146,160],"attract":[27],"foreign":[28],"interest.":[29],"As":[30],"climate":[31,97,177],"change":[32],"mitigation":[33],"gains":[34],"international":[35],"traction,":[36],"Bolivia\u2019s":[37],"potential":[38],"to":[39,81,92,169],"provide":[40],"lithium":[41],"globally":[42],"hydropower":[44],"regionally":[45],"has":[46,63],"prompted":[47],"exploitation":[48],"land":[51],"by":[52],"Bolivian":[54,140],"government.":[55],"In":[56,120],"nation":[58],"where":[59],"majority":[62],"defined":[64],"rights":[66],"Mother":[68],"Earth":[69],"in":[70,118,127,136],"its":[71],"Constitution,":[72],"destructive":[74],"nature":[75],"these":[77,154],"projects":[78,155],"calls":[79],"attention":[80],"novel":[83],"issue":[84],"justifying":[86],"environmental":[87,116,131,165,175],"degradation":[88,132],"promise":[91],"save":[93],"world":[95],"from":[96],"change.":[98],"By":[99],"examining":[100],"primary":[101],"secondary":[103],"sources,":[104],"this":[105,172],"paper":[106],"explores":[107],"friction":[109,173],"between":[110,174],"development":[111,150],"for":[112,153],"sustainability":[113],"justice":[117,166],"Bolivia.":[119],"my":[121],"investigation,":[122],"I":[123,143,158],"question":[124],"whether":[125],"investing":[126],"renewables":[128],"cause":[130],"inherently":[134],"contradictory":[135],"context":[138],"tradition.":[142],"consistently":[144],"find":[145],"methods":[148],"consultation":[152],"are":[156],"flawed.":[157],"suggest":[159],"framework":[162],"temporal":[164],"needed":[168],"fully":[170],"understand":[171],"justice.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-08-01T00:00:00"}