{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385397709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","title":"Comparative Analysis of Managerial Practices of College Principals","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Managerial Practices of College Principals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385397709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","pdf_url":"https://ijsse.salmaedusociety.com/index.php/ijsse/article/download/177/127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286441","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"2790-7716","issn":["2790-7716","2790-7724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Science &amp; Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijsse.salmaedusociety.com/index.php/ijsse/article/download/177/127","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011108572","display_name":"Amber Qadar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber Qadar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103199562","display_name":"Muhammad Athar Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-1120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-1120"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Athar Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115414310","display_name":"Misbah Sehar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5670-4676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5670-4676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misbah Sehar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12828854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"16","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.8564000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.8564000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.11100000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13580","display_name":"Management and Performance Evaluation","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-principals","display_name":"college principals","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-management","display_name":"school management","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-practices","display_name":"management practices","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-styles","display_name":"leadership styles","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-and-private-colleges","display_name":"public and private colleges","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-management","display_name":"time management","score":0.5450000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.7641541957855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6268061399459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6153377890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5060905814170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4743936061859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.46899843215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.45747682452201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.44906678795814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4363616704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166235249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time management","level":2,"score":0.4296184182167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.420445054769516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4123307168483734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3732556402683258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.33788979053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.23953431844711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22166740894317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16285419464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12120148539543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11824262142181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11362174153327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1046193540096283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09180700778961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","pdf_url":"https://ijsse.salmaedusociety.com/index.php/ijsse/article/download/177/127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286441","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"2790-7716","issn":["2790-7716","2790-7724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Science &amp; Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v3i3.177","pdf_url":"https://ijsse.salmaedusociety.com/index.php/ijsse/article/download/177/127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286441","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"2790-7716","issn":["2790-7716","2790-7724"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Science &amp; Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385397709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385397709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1874513","https://openalex.org/W1708182704","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1996384666","https://openalex.org/W2018648388","https://openalex.org/W2099533666","https://openalex.org/W2107381050","https://openalex.org/W2117902487","https://openalex.org/W2153646932","https://openalex.org/W2155226819","https://openalex.org/W2181305009","https://openalex.org/W2204762366","https://openalex.org/W2213078879","https://openalex.org/W2271361270","https://openalex.org/W2323925007","https://openalex.org/W2512443793","https://openalex.org/W2520902848","https://openalex.org/W2574838140","https://openalex.org/W2622742990","https://openalex.org/W2735225249","https://openalex.org/W2761708634","https://openalex.org/W2763589694","https://openalex.org/W2768404865","https://openalex.org/W2807819460","https://openalex.org/W2899661787","https://openalex.org/W2902633642","https://openalex.org/W2937621013","https://openalex.org/W2965279247","https://openalex.org/W2965744270","https://openalex.org/W2984706136","https://openalex.org/W2992766058","https://openalex.org/W3001225853","https://openalex.org/W3005282644","https://openalex.org/W3010278996","https://openalex.org/W3038526566","https://openalex.org/W3041215198","https://openalex.org/W3082616140","https://openalex.org/W3087144351","https://openalex.org/W3088313372","https://openalex.org/W3093472254","https://openalex.org/W3175371864","https://openalex.org/W4200616168","https://openalex.org/W4236368099","https://openalex.org/W4312313500","https://openalex.org/W7028178422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162248051","https://openalex.org/W4385403451","https://openalex.org/W2094144391","https://openalex.org/W3100378955","https://openalex.org/W3171686557","https://openalex.org/W4280601467","https://openalex.org/W2999042931","https://openalex.org/W4307669901","https://openalex.org/W4309264807","https://openalex.org/W4252940572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,94,144,148,163],"present":[1],"study":[2,80,221],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,44,54,83,239],"determine":[5],"the":[6,19,27,72,76,173,203,212,220,241,245],"perception":[7],"of":[8,11,14,22,29,40,62,75,89,99,133,137,140],"comparative":[9],"analysis":[10,158],"managerial":[12,63],"practices":[13],"college":[15,59,167],"principals.":[16],"It":[17],"was":[18,71,81,97,125],"descriptive":[20],"type":[21],"research.":[23],"All":[24],"educators":[25],"in":[26,68],"field":[28],"education":[30],"must":[31,48],"practice":[32],"good":[33],"management.":[34],"College":[35],"principals":[36,102],"have":[37],"a":[38,110,121,131,138,181,199,216],"variety":[39],"tasks":[41],"and":[42,86,103,154,159,176,178,189,233],"obligations":[43],"complete,":[45],"thus":[46],"they":[47],"be":[49,169,236],"skilled":[50,237],"at":[51,209],"time":[52],"management":[53],"do":[55],"so":[56,202],"effectively.":[57],"Comparing":[58],"faculty":[60],"perspectives":[61],"techniques":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66,152],"activities":[67],"their":[69],"colleges":[70,88],"main":[73],"goal":[74],"current":[77],"study.":[78],"delimited":[82],"51":[84],"public":[85],"private":[87],"District":[90],"Rahim":[91],"Yar":[92],"Khan.":[93],"total":[95,139],"sample":[96,132],"500":[98],"which":[100],"46":[101],"454":[104],"teachers":[105],"were":[106,150,161],"selected":[107],"by":[108],"using":[109],"convenient":[111],"sampling":[112],"technique.":[113],"A":[114],"validated":[115],"self\u2013":[116],"structured":[117],"closed-ended":[118],"questionnaire":[119],"with":[120,172],"5-point":[122],"Likert":[123],"scale":[124],"designed":[126],"for":[127,156,230,244],"data":[128,149],"collection":[129],"from":[130],"two":[134],"questionnaires":[135],"consisting":[136],"fifty":[141],"(50)":[142],"items.":[143],"researcher":[145],"personally":[146],"administered.":[147],"collected":[151],"master-sheet":[153],"tabulated":[155],"statistical":[157],"percentages":[160],"computed.":[162],"findings":[164],"show":[165],"that":[166,223],"will":[168],"more":[170],"effective":[171],"principal\u2019s":[174,213],"skills":[175],"expertise":[177,186,214],"there":[179],"is":[180,205,228],"significant":[182,206],"relationship":[183,204],"between":[184,207],"principals\u2019":[185],"(M=3.85,":[187],"SD=1.348)":[188],"academic":[190],"performance":[191],"(M=4.23,":[192],"SD=1.107);":[193],"t=":[194],"-1.052,":[195],"P=.042.":[196],"We":[197],"observe":[198],"positive":[200],"correlation":[201],"factors":[208],"\u03b1=0.05.":[210],"So,":[211],"plays":[215],"very":[217],"important":[218],"role,":[219],"suggests":[222],"not":[224],"every":[225,231],"leadership":[226],"style":[227,243],"appropriate":[229],"institution,":[232],"leaders":[234],"should":[235],"enough":[238],"employ":[240],"optimal":[242],"circumstance":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
