{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385309059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","title":"Teamwork and Decision Making among Basketball Referees: The 3PO Principle, Refereeing Level, and Experience","display_name":"Teamwork and Decision Making among Basketball Referees: The 3PO Principle, Refereeing Level, and Experience","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385309059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38053959","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10694708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5114/jhk/169439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","pdf_url":"https://jhk.termedia.pl/pdf-169439-92497?filename=Teamwork and Decision.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128560994","display_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","issn_l":"1640-5544","issn":["1640-5544","1899-7562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jhk.termedia.pl/pdf-169439-92497?filename=Teamwork and Decision.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002140178","display_name":"Eran Sabag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4736-8405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4736-8405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112623097","display_name":"Kaye Academic College of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03xagjf37","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112623097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086311","display_name":"Academic College at Wingate","ror":"https://ror.org/000be6g31","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155831","display_name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hayyk04","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eran Sabag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","Department of Physical Education, Kaye Academic College of Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Kaye Academic College of Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112623097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075971110","display_name":"Ronnie Lidor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086311","display_name":"Academic College at Wingate","ror":"https://ror.org/000be6g31","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155831","display_name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hayyk04","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronnie Lidor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108630035","display_name":"Michal Arnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2287-6037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2287-6037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086311","display_name":"Academic College at Wingate","ror":"https://ror.org/000be6g31","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155831","display_name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hayyk04","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Arnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067708122","display_name":"Elia Morgulev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-4006","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-4006"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112623097","display_name":"Kaye Academic College of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03xagjf37","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112623097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086311","display_name":"Academic College at Wingate","ror":"https://ror.org/000be6g31","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155831","display_name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hayyk04","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elia Morgulev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","Department of Physical Education, Kaye Academic College of Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Kaye Academic College of Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112623097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055051184","display_name":"Michael Bar\u2010Eli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086311","display_name":"Academic College at Wingate","ror":"https://ror.org/000be6g31","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155831","display_name":"Levinsky-Wingate Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hayyk04","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bar-Eli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002140178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112623097","https://openalex.org/I4210086311","https://openalex.org/I4387155831"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91818035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":null,"first_page":"313","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13224","display_name":"Sports and Physical Education Research","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basketball-referees","display_name":"basketball referees","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teamwork","display_name":"teamwork","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referee-experience","display_name":"referee experience","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-accuracy","display_name":"decision accuracy","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination","display_name":"coordination","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103189561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372","display_name":"Basketball","level":2,"score":0.9621232748031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111226992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626225","display_name":"Teamwork","level":2,"score":0.8644242882728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4958706796169281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4792609214782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4713152050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46185219287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4411681592464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.42006492614746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20054221153259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13966473937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13720688223838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5114/jhk/169439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","pdf_url":"https://jhk.termedia.pl/pdf-169439-92497?filename=Teamwork and Decision.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128560994","display_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","issn_l":"1640-5544","issn":["1640-5544","1899-7562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10694708","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10694708","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10694708/pdf/JHK-89-169439.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Hum Kinet","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38053959","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38053959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of human kinetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5114/jhk/169439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169439","pdf_url":"https://jhk.termedia.pl/pdf-169439-92497?filename=Teamwork and Decision.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128560994","display_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","issn_l":"1640-5544","issn":["1640-5544","1899-7562"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385309059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385309059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43992409","https://openalex.org/W79588726","https://openalex.org/W1770418689","https://openalex.org/W1866281649","https://openalex.org/W1966830204","https://openalex.org/W1969624450","https://openalex.org/W1969728856","https://openalex.org/W1969813700","https://openalex.org/W1972120293","https://openalex.org/W1977145833","https://openalex.org/W1977561290","https://openalex.org/W1981558198","https://openalex.org/W2000956894","https://openalex.org/W2001110370","https://openalex.org/W2073314797","https://openalex.org/W2082418060","https://openalex.org/W2083966705","https://openalex.org/W2088352885","https://openalex.org/W2089351326","https://openalex.org/W2112260740","https://openalex.org/W2118834606","https://openalex.org/W2124734474","https://openalex.org/W2135674336","https://openalex.org/W2147985188","https://openalex.org/W2155609683","https://openalex.org/W2165581979","https://openalex.org/W2186136207","https://openalex.org/W2188291720","https://openalex.org/W2279489958","https://openalex.org/W2330049972","https://openalex.org/W2420665328","https://openalex.org/W2483137973","https://openalex.org/W2550821279","https://openalex.org/W2560690504","https://openalex.org/W2760591345","https://openalex.org/W2790872230","https://openalex.org/W2798188629","https://openalex.org/W2798297981","https://openalex.org/W2896162577","https://openalex.org/W2906396877","https://openalex.org/W2913428254","https://openalex.org/W2932404544","https://openalex.org/W2935463868","https://openalex.org/W2968997291","https://openalex.org/W2992941901","https://openalex.org/W3025879390","https://openalex.org/W3041302612","https://openalex.org/W3049495902","https://openalex.org/W3083629498","https://openalex.org/W3096140523","https://openalex.org/W3101014233","https://openalex.org/W3134535765","https://openalex.org/W3135544989","https://openalex.org/W3136385441","https://openalex.org/W3148676177","https://openalex.org/W3200104685","https://openalex.org/W4402323289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125807855","https://openalex.org/W2186136207","https://openalex.org/W3136385441","https://openalex.org/W6893210884","https://openalex.org/W1981558198","https://openalex.org/W4397290404","https://openalex.org/W53128023","https://openalex.org/W4408688134","https://openalex.org/W3028261289","https://openalex.org/W2120200741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"the":[3,27,72,87,93,97,105,112,117,127,132],"three-person":[4],"officiating":[5,52,73],"(3PO)":[6],"principle":[7],"was":[8,59,75,84,99,109],"employed":[9],"as":[10,91],"an":[11],"innovative":[12],"method":[13],"to":[14,70,131],"examine":[15],"decision-making":[16],"(DM)":[17],"processes":[18],"among":[19,32],"basketball":[20,34,46],"referees.":[21],"We":[22],"aimed":[23],"at":[24],"exploring":[25],"whether":[26,71],"ranking,":[28],"experience,":[29],"and":[30,77,148],"teamwork":[31,106],"25":[33],"referees":[35],"could":[36],"predict":[37],"accuracy":[38],"of":[39,50,114,136],"DM":[40],"in":[41,86],"ambiguous":[42],"situations":[43],"taken":[44,54],"from":[45,55,126,145],"games.":[47],"An":[48],"analysis":[49],"283":[51,118],"cases":[53],"100":[56],"filmed":[57],"games":[58],"conducted.":[60],"The":[61,141],"events":[62],"were":[63,123,139],"then":[64],"classified":[65],"by":[66],"nine":[67],"experts":[68],"according":[69,130],"decision":[74,98],"accurate,":[76],"which":[78],"referee":[79],"(Lead,":[80],"Centre":[81],"or":[82],"Trail)":[83],"standing":[85],"main":[88],"coverage":[89],"area,":[90],"per":[92],"3PO":[94,133],"principle,":[95],"when":[96],"made.":[100],"Our":[101],"findings":[102,142],"indicate":[103],"that":[104],"(coordination)":[107],"component":[108],"associated":[110],"with":[111],"quality":[113],"DM.":[115],"Of":[116],"events,":[119],"60":[120],"decisions":[121,138],"(21%)":[122],"not":[124],"made":[125],"recommended":[128],"position":[129],"principle;":[134],"49":[135],"those":[137],"incorrect.":[140],"are":[143],"discussed":[144],"both":[146],"developmental":[147],"instructional":[149],"perspectives.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-07-28T00:00:00"}