{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385299677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","title":"Sample Generation Method Based on Variational Modal Decomposition and Generative Adversarial Network (VMD\u2013GAN) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Detection Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy","display_name":"Sample Generation Method Based on Variational Modal Decomposition and Generative Adversarial Network (VMD\u2013GAN) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Detection Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385299677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37498918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00037028231189750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67069294","display_name":"Applied Spectroscopy","issn_l":"0003-7028","issn":["0003-7028","1943-3530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Spectroscopy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048520477","display_name":"Yingtian Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-9408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-9408","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-8716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingtian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bin Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106941428","display_name":"Yujing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-3799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-3799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078620613","display_name":"Dongdong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-5083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-5083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-5083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764061","display_name":"Hongliang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-5224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-5224","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-7283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078620613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78941832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"10","first_page":"1173","last_page":"1180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"chemical oxygen demand","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-mode-decomposition","display_name":"variational mode decomposition","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-networks","display_name":"generative adversarial networks","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-vis-spectroscopy","display_name":"UV-Vis spectroscopy","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-spectra","display_name":"absorption spectra","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-pollution","display_name":"water pollution","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-augmentation","display_name":"data augmentation","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-fitting","display_name":"Gaussian fitting","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-reconstruction","display_name":"spectral reconstruction","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cod-prediction","display_name":"COD prediction","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5280070304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5203515887260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.45197367668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4416123330593109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4135349690914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41164571046829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.41102567315101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.41051554679870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39955011010169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35513055324554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.34102120995521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2756456732749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26838546991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21984153985977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.17911511659622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12214648723602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11613482236862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00037028231189750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028231189750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67069294","display_name":"Applied Spectroscopy","issn_l":"0003-7028","issn":["0003-7028","1943-3530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Spectroscopy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37498918","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37498918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied spectroscopy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8112891740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8134911023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62005245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2037785537","https://openalex.org/W2045857159","https://openalex.org/W2069800437","https://openalex.org/W2100243985","https://openalex.org/W2158518169","https://openalex.org/W2165847997","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2622037533","https://openalex.org/W2810962953","https://openalex.org/W2916521892","https://openalex.org/W2916749136","https://openalex.org/W2992837260","https://openalex.org/W2992838650","https://openalex.org/W2996303435","https://openalex.org/W3015097418","https://openalex.org/W3018833029","https://openalex.org/W3034100540","https://openalex.org/W3085038231","https://openalex.org/W3138143013","https://openalex.org/W3143158417","https://openalex.org/W3207596548","https://openalex.org/W4205390234","https://openalex.org/W4206402145","https://openalex.org/W4293506749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415944276","https://openalex.org/W7162879924","https://openalex.org/W4394728551","https://openalex.org/W4408691869","https://openalex.org/W2612673961","https://openalex.org/W2987579635","https://openalex.org/W4407635733","https://openalex.org/W4225265997","https://openalex.org/W1906287610","https://openalex.org/W7162761677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultraviolet":[0],"visible":[1],"spectroscopy":[2],"can":[3,231],"realize":[4],"the":[5,23,38,62,65,70,73,80,102,112,128,140,159,172,178,186,206,226,246],"detection":[6],"of":[7,25,41,43,123,144,161,175,180,208,242],"chemical":[8],"oxygen":[9],"demand":[10],"(COD),":[11],"especially":[12],"for":[13,88,220,234],"low":[14,39],"concentration":[15],"levels":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,37,58,117,132,137],"its":[19],"high":[20],"sensitivity,":[21],"but":[22],"issue":[24],"insufficient":[26,227],"real":[27],"water":[28,45,146,222,228,243],"sample":[29,97,229],"data":[30,84,230],"has":[31],"always":[32],"been":[33],"a":[34,95,162,235],"challenge":[35],"owing":[36],"probability":[40],"occurrence":[42],"actual":[44,59,66,145,203,221],"pollution":[46,244],"events.":[47],"However,":[48],"in":[49,82,177,238],"existing":[50],"methods,":[51],"generated":[52,199],"absorption":[53,124,196],"spectra":[54,197],"do":[55],"not":[56,86,149],"conform":[57],"situations":[60],"as":[61],"former":[63],"neglect":[64],"spectral":[67,90,96,142,187],"characteristics.":[68],"On":[69],"other":[71],"hand,":[72],"diversity":[74,181],"and":[75,106,121,182,193,217,240],"complexity":[76],"are":[77,148],"restricted":[78],"because":[79],"information":[81],"one-dimensional":[83],"is":[85,168],"enough":[87],"direct":[89,173],"generation.":[91],"This":[92],"study":[93],"proposed":[94,247],"generation":[98],"method":[99,210],"based":[100],"on":[101,185],"variational":[103],"modal":[104],"decomposition":[105],"generative":[107],"adversarial":[108],"network":[109],"(VMD-GAN).":[110],"First,":[111],"VMD":[113],"algorithm":[114],"was":[115,130,211],"utilized":[116],"separate":[118],"principal":[119,135,191],"components":[120,136,192],"residuals":[122,153],"spectra.":[125],"Among":[126],"them,":[127],"GAN":[129,176],"used":[131],"generate":[133],"new":[134,190],"ensure":[138],"that":[139],"major":[141],"characteristics":[143],"samples":[147],"lost.":[150],"The":[151],"corresponding":[152],"were":[154,198],"then":[155],"obtained":[156],"by":[157,213],"adjusting":[158],"parameters":[160],"three-order":[163],"Gaussian":[164],"fitting":[165],"function,":[166],"which":[167],"more":[169,200],"beneficial":[170],"than":[171],"use":[174],"aspect":[179],"complexity.":[183],"Based":[184],"reconstruction":[188],"with":[189,202],"residuals,":[194],"various":[195],"coincident":[201],"situations.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"this":[209],"evaluated":[212],"establishing":[214],"regression":[215],"models":[216],"predicting":[218],"COD":[219],"samples.":[223],"In":[224],"all,":[225],"be":[232],"expanded":[233],"better":[236],"performance":[237],"modeling":[239],"analysis":[241],"using":[245],"method.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-07-28T00:00:00"}