{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385293983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","title":"Health as Complete Well-Being: The WHO Definition and Beyond","display_name":"Health as Complete Well-Being: The WHO Definition and Beyond","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385293983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38333767","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10849326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/phe/phad017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/phe/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/phe/phad017/50977492/phad017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125919161","display_name":"Public Health Ethics","issn_l":"1754-9973","issn":["1754-9973","1754-9981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/phe/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/phe/phad017/50977492/phad017.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033671888","display_name":"Thomas Schramme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-6635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-6635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schramme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool , Gillian Howie House, Mulberry Street, Liverpool, L69 7SH , UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-6635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool , Gillian Howie House, Mulberry Street, Liverpool, L69 7SH , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033671888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":2430,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3022},"apc_paid":{"value":2430,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3022},"fwci":271.5585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":350,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"210","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14511","display_name":"Medicine, History, and Philosophy","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14511","display_name":"Medicine, History, and Philosophy","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.028699999675154686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-definition-of-health","display_name":"WHO definition of health","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holistic-health","display_name":"holistic health","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-as-well-being","display_name":"health as well-being","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-well-being","display_name":"social well-being","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-health","display_name":"physical health","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7100895047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.655499279499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5369756817817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5167807340621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4684854745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993280860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Physical health","level":3,"score":0.45783165097236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778821024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Holistic health","level":3,"score":0.4461463987827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4417797923088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42961469292640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776420229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051","display_name":"Well-being","level":2,"score":0.4131726026535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3438941240310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2508038282394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.21434864401817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.18662157654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18550124764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.10048553347587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07867857813835144}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/phe/phad017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/phe/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/phe/phad017/50977492/phad017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125919161","display_name":"Public Health Ethics","issn_l":"1754-9973","issn":["1754-9973","1754-9981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10849326","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10849326","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10849326/pdf/phad017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Ethics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38333767","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38333767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public health ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/phe/phad017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phad017","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/phe/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/phe/phad017/50977492/phad017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125919161","display_name":"Public Health Ethics","issn_l":"1754-9973","issn":["1754-9973","1754-9981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385293983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385293983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44923922","https://openalex.org/W67499571","https://openalex.org/W606183518","https://openalex.org/W954336911","https://openalex.org/W1518333775","https://openalex.org/W1593065131","https://openalex.org/W1625313742","https://openalex.org/W1983548024","https://openalex.org/W1995250611","https://openalex.org/W1995295431","https://openalex.org/W2007435550","https://openalex.org/W2039354255","https://openalex.org/W2049928843","https://openalex.org/W2061076062","https://openalex.org/W2064630040","https://openalex.org/W2064744775","https://openalex.org/W2127791128","https://openalex.org/W2167643701","https://openalex.org/W2184610715","https://openalex.org/W2334978494","https://openalex.org/W2401825907","https://openalex.org/W2417222716","https://openalex.org/W2424524499","https://openalex.org/W2430786816","https://openalex.org/W2483042167","https://openalex.org/W2596894972","https://openalex.org/W2807968480","https://openalex.org/W2956119142","https://openalex.org/W2964257862","https://openalex.org/W3158822109","https://openalex.org/W4211003961","https://openalex.org/W4221129097","https://openalex.org/W4241052832","https://openalex.org/W4249721584","https://openalex.org/W4293108566","https://openalex.org/W4299542027","https://openalex.org/W4301483651","https://openalex.org/W4312897541","https://openalex.org/W4319590698","https://openalex.org/W4390609193","https://openalex.org/W4410669547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7208280977","https://openalex.org/W4410875074","https://openalex.org/W2112221217","https://openalex.org/W4402373057","https://openalex.org/W4247424141","https://openalex.org/W4236764828","https://openalex.org/W4241052832","https://openalex.org/W4211118009","https://openalex.org/W4404513187","https://openalex.org/W7096268115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,15],"paper":[2],"defends":[3],"the":[4,25,29,65,71,96,100,105,125],"World":[5],"Health":[6],"Organisation":[7],"(WHO)":[8],"definition":[9,73],"of":[10,24,31,82,99,109],"health":[11,32,110,112],"against":[12],"widespread":[13],"criticism.":[14],"common":[16],"objections":[17],"are":[18,121],"due":[19],"to":[20,46,91],"a":[21,76,80],"possible":[22],"misinterpretation":[23],"word":[26],"complete":[27],"in":[28],"descriptor":[30],"as":[33],"\u2018complete":[34],"physical,":[35],"mental":[36],"and":[37,88,113],"social":[38],"well-being\u2019.":[39],"Complete":[40],"here":[41],"does":[42],"not":[43,79],"necessarily":[44],"refer":[45],"perfect":[47,83,114],"well-being":[48],"but":[49,123],"can":[50],"alternatively":[51],"mean":[52],"exhaustive":[53],"well-being,":[54],"that":[55,70,118,124],"is,":[56],"containing":[57],"all":[58],"its":[59],"constitutive":[60],"features.":[61],"In":[62,95],"line":[63],"with":[64],"alternative":[66],"reading,":[67],"I":[68,85,102,116],"argue":[69,117],"WHO":[72],"puts":[74],"forward":[75],"holistic":[77,126],"account,":[78],"notion":[81],"health.":[84],"use":[86],"historical":[87],"analytical":[89],"evidence":[90],"defend":[92],"this":[93],"interpretation.":[94],"second":[97],"part":[98],"paper,":[101],"further":[103],"investigate":[104],"two":[106],"different":[107],"notions":[108],"(holistic":[111],"health).":[115],"both":[119],"ideas":[120],"relevant":[122],"interpretation":[127],"is":[128],"more":[129],"adept":[130],"for":[131],"political":[132],"aims.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":152},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2023-07-28T00:00:00"}