{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385240901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","title":"The Harm in Meaning Well: How Well-Meaning White People Contribute to Bolstering Systemic Racism","display_name":"The Harm in Meaning Well: How Well-Meaning White People Contribute to Bolstering Systemic Racism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385240901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051571435","display_name":"Esthelle Ewusi Boisvert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esthelle Ewusi Boisvert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112160876","display_name":"Matthew G. Kirkpatrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2586-9514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2586-9514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Kirkpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051571435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.5131999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.5131999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.46630001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-racism","display_name":"systemic racism","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-racism","display_name":"covert racism","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-attitudes","display_name":"racial attitudes","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-resentment","display_name":"racial resentment","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punitive-drug-policy","display_name":"punitive drug policy","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-communities","display_name":"Black communities","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-bias","display_name":"racial bias","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-equality","display_name":"racial equality","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.7844126224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.6565240621566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6050278544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.594539999961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5841261148452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5463091731071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5084275603294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.4791633188724518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44846731424331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4471724331378937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40818023681640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.30274510383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28416359424591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.169029732.24070108","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385240901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385240901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400238215","https://openalex.org/W71581510","https://openalex.org/W4226366799","https://openalex.org/W7053085857","https://openalex.org/W2336143122","https://openalex.org/W2314179101","https://openalex.org/W2120056047","https://openalex.org/W3139327155","https://openalex.org/W7127900415","https://openalex.org/W3118338535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"notion":[1],"of":[2,51],"racism":[3,17,40,164,193],"as":[4,67,69],"a":[5,20,47,126],"dichotomy":[6],"in":[7,10,135,169,175],"white":[8,28,52,88],"people":[9,29,53,89,134],"the":[11,139,158],"United":[12],"States":[13],"is":[14,41],"being":[15],"challenged;":[16],"exists":[18],"along":[19],"spectrum":[21],"with":[22],"covert":[23],"manifestations.":[24],"Understanding":[25],"how":[26],"well-meaning":[27],"(WMWP)":[30],"can":[31,144],"harbor":[32],"unexamined":[33],"racial":[34,65,96,196],"biases":[35],"and":[36,63,84,98,138,172,194],"contribute":[37],"to":[38,107,120,131,153,156],"systemic":[39,163],"crucial.":[42],"Using":[43],"survey":[44],"data":[45],"from":[46],"nationally":[48],"representative":[49],"sample":[50],"(n=239),":[54],"we":[55],"explored":[56],"differences":[57,86],"between":[58,128],"participants":[59],"on":[60,146,181],"cognitive,":[61],"affective,":[62],"behavioral":[64],"attitudes,":[66],"well":[68],"support":[70,100,121],"for":[71,101,189],"punitive":[72,122],"drug":[73,123],"policies,":[74,124],"which":[75],"have":[76,145],"historically":[77],"harmed":[78],"Black":[79,111,133,147],"communities.":[80,148],"We":[81,113],"found":[82,115],"cognitive":[83],"affective":[85],"among":[87],"subgroups,":[90],"including":[91],"that":[92,116],"WMWP":[93,117],"report":[94],"high":[95],"resentment":[97],"low":[99],"antiracism,":[102],"despite":[103],"their":[104,129,142,154],"expressed":[105],"motivation":[106],"be":[108,151],"nonprejudiced":[109],"toward":[110],"people.":[112],"also":[114],"are":[118],"likely":[119],"indicating":[125],"misalignment":[127],"intentions":[130],"treat":[132],"egalitarian":[136],"ways,":[137],"negative":[140],"impact":[141],"actions":[143],"This":[149],"might":[150],"due":[152],"resistance":[155],"changing":[157],"societal":[159],"status":[160],"quo.":[161],"Addressing":[162],"requires":[165],"both":[166],"bottom-up":[167],"changes":[168,174],"individual":[170],"attitudes":[171],"top-down":[173],"public":[176],"policies.":[177],"By":[178],"shedding":[179],"light":[180],"these":[182],"associations,":[183],"this":[184],"study":[185],"provides":[186],"valuable":[187],"insights":[188],"efforts":[190],"towards":[191],"reducing":[192],"promoting":[195],"equality.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2023-07-26T00:00:00"}