{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385212909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","title":"Trends in laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis (2012\u20132019): national observational study, England","display_name":"Trends in laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis (2012\u20132019): national observational study, England","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385212909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37538400","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10393823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196034","display_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","issn_l":"2666-7762","issn":["2666-7762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029944065","display_name":"Sathyavani Subbarao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310053265","display_name":"St George's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0001ke483","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310053265","https://openalex.org/I2801196673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153084","display_name":"UK Health Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/018h10037","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sathyavani Subbarao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, St George's Hospital, University of London, London, UK","Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St George's Hospital, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1310053265","https://openalex.org/I165862685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005366488","display_name":"Sonia Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-4392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-4392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153084","display_name":"UK Health Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/018h10037","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059188706","display_name":"Helen Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-8917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-8917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153084","display_name":"UK Health Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/018h10037","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024300986","display_name":"Ifeanyichukwu O. Okike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4001-2642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4001-2642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158974","display_name":"Derbyshire Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03mccxv57","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149821","https://openalex.org/I4210158974"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ifeanyichukwu Okike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Derby Children's Hospital, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Derby Children's Hospital, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065434292","display_name":"Mary Elizabeth Ramsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-7640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-7640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153084","display_name":"UK Health Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/018h10037","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary E. Ramsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046888535","display_name":"Shamez N Ladhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-2476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-2476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153084","display_name":"UK Health Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/018h10037","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311074006","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shamez N. Ladhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (PIDRG), St George's University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (PIDRG), St George's University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046888535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4387153084"],"apc_list":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"apc_paid":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"fwci":3.6334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94083763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"100692","last_page":"100692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-meningitis","display_name":"bacterial meningitis","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence-trends","display_name":"incidence trends","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-pneumoniae","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neisseria-meningitidis","display_name":"Neisseria meningitidis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-agalactiae","display_name":"Streptococcus agalactiae","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coagulase-negative-staphylococci","display_name":"coagulase-negative staphylococci","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-fatality-rate","display_name":"case fatality rate","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants","display_name":"infants","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-bacteria","display_name":"Gram-negative bacteria","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-surveillance","display_name":"infection surveillance","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778458888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154625","display_name":"Neisseria meningitidis","level":3,"score":0.9206684827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781253189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221179","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","level":3,"score":0.7701705098152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781026528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Meningitis","level":2,"score":0.7437406182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5774106383323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5378801822662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5313373804092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492194","display_name":"Group B","level":2,"score":0.4984424114227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777954195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132209","display_name":"Neisseria","level":3,"score":0.4981098175048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92307203","display_name":"Case fatality rate","level":3,"score":0.4868116080760956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778276568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190161","display_name":"Streptococcus","level":3,"score":0.4129834771156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.40089985728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.34002169966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3388932943344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32930558919906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.24507054686546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.17374950647354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196034","display_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","issn_l":"2666-7762","issn":["2666-7762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3989846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3989846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3989846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10393823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10393823","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10393823/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet Reg Health Eur","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:37538400","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37538400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet regional health. Europe","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.sgul.ac.uk:115804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115804/6/1-s2.0-S2666776223001114-mmc1.docx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400552","display_name":"St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","host_organization_name":"St George's, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db625c53a7014f8abb0598b8eadd6b4a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db625c53a7014f8abb0598b8eadd6b4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 32, Iss , Pp 100692- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196034","display_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","issn_l":"2666-7762","issn":["2666-7762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385212909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385212909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991525954","https://openalex.org/W1996610887","https://openalex.org/W2025502898","https://openalex.org/W2063473159","https://openalex.org/W2082068993","https://openalex.org/W2093931806","https://openalex.org/W2104702495","https://openalex.org/W2105434315","https://openalex.org/W2138860156","https://openalex.org/W2169875910","https://openalex.org/W2226851147","https://openalex.org/W2540474236","https://openalex.org/W2606665334","https://openalex.org/W2754967293","https://openalex.org/W2784744055","https://openalex.org/W2903243582","https://openalex.org/W2906913949","https://openalex.org/W2921403566","https://openalex.org/W2925085241","https://openalex.org/W2940079106","https://openalex.org/W2963020689","https://openalex.org/W3001806777","https://openalex.org/W3084201106","https://openalex.org/W3133927968","https://openalex.org/W3177489937","https://openalex.org/W4200008184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138218123","https://openalex.org/W2104702495","https://openalex.org/W4410300574","https://openalex.org/W2090940559","https://openalex.org/W1979572459","https://openalex.org/W3087977550","https://openalex.org/W2067282551","https://openalex.org/W2000329126","https://openalex.org/W2002548518","https://openalex.org/W4296089047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bacterial":[0],"meningitis":[1,25,124,149,162,194,207,238],"is":[2],"associated":[3],"with":[4,73],"significant":[5],"morbidity":[6],"and":[7,20,67,109,142,160,193,228],"mortality":[8],"worldwide.":[9],"We":[10],"aimed":[11],"to":[12],"describe":[13],"the":[14,92,120,169,209],"epidemiology,":[15],"aetiology,":[16],"trends":[17],"over":[18],"time":[19],"outcomes":[21],"of":[22,38,216,236],"laboratory-confirmed":[23,81],"bacterial":[24,54,102,237],"in":[26,47,71],"England":[27],"during":[28,153],"2012\u20132019.":[29],"UK":[30],"Health":[31,43],"Security":[32],"Agency":[33],"routinely":[34],"receives":[35],"electronic":[36],"notifications":[37],"confirmed":[39],"infections":[40],"from":[41,64],"National":[42],"Service":[44],"hospital":[45],"laboratories":[46],"England.":[48],"Data":[49],"were":[50,79,99,125],"extracted":[51],"for":[52,58,226,230,248],"positive":[53,68],"cultures,":[55],"PCR-positive":[56],"results":[57],"Neisseria":[59,130],"meningitidis":[60,131],"or":[61],"Streptococcus":[62,126],"pneumoniae":[63,127],"cerebrospinal":[65],"fluid":[66],"blood":[69],"cultures":[70],"patients":[72],"clinical":[74],"meningitis.":[75],"During":[76],"2012\u201319,":[77],"there":[78],"6554":[80],"cases.":[82],"Mean":[83],"annual":[84],"incidence":[85,150,172,235],"was":[86,201,221],"1.49/100,000,":[87],"which":[88],"remained":[89,240],"stable":[90],"throughout":[91],"surveillance":[93],"period":[94],"(p":[95],"=":[96],"0.745).":[97],"There":[98],"155":[100],"different":[101],"species":[103],"identified,":[104],"including":[105],"68.4%":[106],"(106/1550)":[107],"Gram-negative":[108],"31.6%":[110],"(49/155)":[111],"Gram-positive":[112],"bacteria.":[113],"After":[114],"excluding":[115],"coagulase-negative":[116],"staphylococci":[117],"(2481/6554,":[118],"37.9%),":[119],"main":[121],"pathogens":[122],"causing":[123],"(811/4073,":[128],"19.9%),":[129],"(497/4073,":[132],"12.2%),":[133],"Staphylococcus":[134],"aureus":[135],"(467/4073,":[136],"11.5%),":[137],"Escherichia":[138],"coli":[139],"(314/4073,":[140],"7.7%)":[141],"group":[143,157,180],"B":[144,181],"streptococcus":[145],"(268/4073,":[146],"6.6%).":[147],"Pneumococcal":[148],"increased":[151],"significantly":[152],"2012\u20139,":[154],"while":[155],"meningococcal,":[156],"A":[158,205],"streptococcal":[159,206],"tuberculous":[161],"declined.":[163],"Infants":[164],"aged":[165],"<3":[166],"months":[167],"had":[168,208],"highest":[170,210],"mean":[171],"(55.6/100,000;":[173],"95%":[174,188],"CI,":[175,224],"47.7\u201363.5)":[176],"driven":[177],"mainly":[178],"by":[179,184],"streptococci,":[182],"followed":[183],"3\u201311":[185],"month-olds":[186],"(8.1/100,000;":[187],"CI":[189],"7.1\u20139.0),":[190],"where":[191],"pneumococcal":[192],"predominated.":[195],"The":[196,214,234,242],"30-day":[197],"case-fatality":[198],"rate":[199],"(CFR)":[200],"10.0%":[202],"(71/6554).":[203],"Group":[204],"CFR":[211,244],"(47/85,":[212],"55.3%).":[213],"probability":[215],"surviving":[217],"at":[218],"30":[219],"days":[220],"95.3%":[222],"(95%":[223],"93.4\u201397.3%)":[225],"infants":[227],"80.0%":[229],"older":[231],"adults":[232],"(77\u201384%).":[233],"has":[239],"stable.":[241],"high":[243],"highlights":[245],"a":[246],"need":[247],"prevention":[249],"through":[250],"vaccination.":[251],"PHE.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2023-07-25T00:00:00"}