{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385077173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","title":"Show or tell? A systematic review of media and information literacy measurements","display_name":"Show or tell? A systematic review of media and information literacy measurements","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385077173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1688&context=jmle","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1688&context=jmle","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007000643","display_name":"Daniel Schofield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-7169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-7169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131764","display_name":"Swedish Film Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2ts232","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]}],"countries":["FI","NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schofield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","Tampere University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017041642","display_name":"Reijo Kupiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-2294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-2294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131764","display_name":"Swedish Film Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2ts232","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]}],"countries":["FI","NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reijo Kupiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Finland","Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","Swedish Film Institute, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086185906","display_name":"Vegard Frantzen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131764","display_name":"Swedish Film Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2ts232","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]}],"countries":["FI","NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vegard Marinius Frantzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","Tampere University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032454341","display_name":"Anette Novak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131764","display_name":"Swedish Film Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2ts232","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]}],"countries":["FI","NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anette Novak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","Tampere University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Film Institute, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007000643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I204778367","https://openalex.org/I4210131764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9193,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94497608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"124","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11935","display_name":"Literacy, Media, and Education","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11935","display_name":"Literacy, Media, and Education","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10712","display_name":"Library Science and Information Literacy","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-and-information-literacy","display_name":"media and information literacy","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment","display_name":"self-assessment","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-claims","display_name":"knowledge claims","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ofcom","display_name":"Ofcom","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"replication","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97628146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507246","display_name":"Media literacy","level":2,"score":0.6963198184967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6338023543357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119883117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679789","display_name":"Information literacy","level":2,"score":0.5254606008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.470287561416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4294310212135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.42260587215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41328105330467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38085025548934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3420111835002899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3363606333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32030990719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25651299953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2146551012992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.16507193446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1688&context=jmle","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9faebaffc90a49e4bf234cd08a846c40","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education, Vol 15, Iss 2 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:jmle-1688","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle/vol15/iss2/9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3103340","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3103340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"124-138","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/206538","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/206538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2023-15-2-9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1688&context=jmle","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761010","display_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","issn_l":"2167-8715","issn":["2167-8715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316378","host_organization_name":"National Association for Media Literacy Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Association for Media Literacy Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Literacy Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385077173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385077173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W365343898","https://openalex.org/W629097987","https://openalex.org/W646598758","https://openalex.org/W1649706769","https://openalex.org/W1831330366","https://openalex.org/W1967077553","https://openalex.org/W2006585276","https://openalex.org/W2061645302","https://openalex.org/W2100373449","https://openalex.org/W2138664671","https://openalex.org/W2167321794","https://openalex.org/W2227639405","https://openalex.org/W2250408147","https://openalex.org/W2418927133","https://openalex.org/W2464814394","https://openalex.org/W2467145685","https://openalex.org/W2608301496","https://openalex.org/W2735467567","https://openalex.org/W2744172462","https://openalex.org/W2768084709","https://openalex.org/W2783250300","https://openalex.org/W2884182084","https://openalex.org/W2884687573","https://openalex.org/W2884795694","https://openalex.org/W2899962821","https://openalex.org/W2909108010","https://openalex.org/W2939960885","https://openalex.org/W2965086729","https://openalex.org/W3007424371","https://openalex.org/W3024612143","https://openalex.org/W3040322941","https://openalex.org/W3044374999","https://openalex.org/W3087405294","https://openalex.org/W3088150904","https://openalex.org/W3119877566","https://openalex.org/W3206688045","https://openalex.org/W4229745148","https://openalex.org/W4289912947","https://openalex.org/W4289913015","https://openalex.org/W4292806357","https://openalex.org/W4300110546","https://openalex.org/W4300215624","https://openalex.org/W6968826812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409778527","https://openalex.org/W365343898","https://openalex.org/W7163522459","https://openalex.org/W4400520350","https://openalex.org/W3096889038","https://openalex.org/W4380050567","https://openalex.org/W2767501490","https://openalex.org/W4366960704","https://openalex.org/W4311475758","https://openalex.org/W7162199536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Media":[0],"and":[1,13,30,57,72,101,114,121,129],"information":[2],"literacy":[3],"(MIL)":[4],"is":[5,19,28],"a":[6,47,61],"key":[7,79],"concept":[8,27],"in":[9,69,76,107],"several":[10,83],"research":[11,35],"fields":[12],"measuring":[14,37,53,105],"the":[15,26,70,108],"levels":[16,39],"of":[17,34,50,60,63,88],"MIL":[18,38,54],"considered":[20],"valuable":[21],"for":[22],"policy":[23],"stakeholders.":[24],"However,":[25],"complex,":[29],"few":[31,130],"systematic":[32,48],"reviews":[33],"on":[36,46,92],"have":[40,125,131,139],"been":[41,126,141],"conducted.":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"draws":[45],"review":[49],"peer-reviewed":[51],"studies":[52,84,109,124],"between":[55],"2000":[56],"2021.":[58],"Out":[59],"total":[62],"4008":[64],"publications,":[65],"236":[66],"were":[67,74,110],"included":[68],"analysis,":[71],"87":[73],"analysed":[75],"depth.":[77],"A":[78],"finding":[80],"was":[81],"that":[82],"applied":[85],"broad":[86],"understandings":[87],"MIL,":[89],"often":[90,140],"based":[91],"initiatives":[93],"by":[94],"international":[95],"organisations":[96],"such":[97],"as":[98],"UNESCO,":[99],"Ofcom,":[100],"EAVI.":[102],"The":[103],"main":[104],"methods":[106],"self-evaluations,":[111],"knowledge":[112],"claims,":[113],"demonstrated":[115],"skills,":[116],"all":[117],"with":[118],"associated":[119],"possibilities":[120],"challenges.":[122],"Few":[123],"systematically":[127],"replicated,":[128],"mapped":[132],"larger":[133],"population":[134],"groups,":[135],"while":[136],"socio-demographic":[137],"aspects":[138],"underestimated.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-07-23T00:00:00"}