{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384927985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","title":"National context and the transfer of transgender diversity policy: An institutional theory perspective on multinational corporation subsidiaries in Pakistan","display_name":"National context and the transfer of transgender diversity policy: An institutional theory perspective on multinational corporation subsidiaries in Pakistan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384927985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/gwao.13037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gwao.13037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172342871","display_name":"Gender Work and Organization","issn_l":"0968-6673","issn":["0968-6673","1468-0432"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gender, Work & Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gwao.13037","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101965351","display_name":"Sabeen Imran Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-1234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-1234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabeen Imran Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's Business School, King's College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-1234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's Business School, King's College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087508547","display_name":"Mustafa Bilgehan \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-6947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-6947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Bilgehan Ozturk","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-6947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010113768","display_name":"Ahu Tatl\u03b9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahu Tatli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101965351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"fwci":7.0884,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97000255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"1828","last_page":"1844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10344","display_name":"Management and Organizational Studies","score":0.03420000150799751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-theory","display_name":"institutional theory","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-context","display_name":"national context","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-transfer","display_name":"policy transfer","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-distance","display_name":"institutional distance","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-institutions","display_name":"regulatory institutions","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-institutions","display_name":"normative institutions","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-institutions","display_name":"cognitive institutions","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emic-perspective","display_name":"emic perspective","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etic-approach","display_name":"etic approach","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-inclusion","display_name":"transgender inclusion","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32464470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337916","display_name":"Emic and etic","level":2,"score":0.6951667070388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.641948401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.625927209854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5803334712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126071100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658255","display_name":"Subsidiary","level":3,"score":0.5602239966392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147887874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16252774","display_name":"Institutional theory","level":2,"score":0.4866817593574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4824991226196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4624585807323456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43966254591941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.42504438757896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.20413359999656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08683627843856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/gwao.13037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gwao.13037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172342871","display_name":"Gender Work and Organization","issn_l":"0968-6673","issn":["0968-6673","1468-0432"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gender, Work & Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/89225","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/89225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/gwao.13037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13037","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gwao.13037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172342871","display_name":"Gender Work and Organization","issn_l":"0968-6673","issn":["0968-6673","1468-0432"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gender, Work & Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384927985.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590291065","https://openalex.org/W1486941646","https://openalex.org/W1564383925","https://openalex.org/W1752588444","https://openalex.org/W1834628319","https://openalex.org/W1871364563","https://openalex.org/W1977195780","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1981769505","https://openalex.org/W1985021568","https://openalex.org/W1990445401","https://openalex.org/W1993259493","https://openalex.org/W2000011968","https://openalex.org/W2010818952","https://openalex.org/W2012894227","https://openalex.org/W2023006187","https://openalex.org/W2029447605","https://openalex.org/W2035552568","https://openalex.org/W2062816868","https://openalex.org/W2096154362","https://openalex.org/W2116461992","https://openalex.org/W2119815930","https://openalex.org/W2120922303","https://openalex.org/W2123452121","https://openalex.org/W2146637469","https://openalex.org/W2147521778","https://openalex.org/W2153645753","https://openalex.org/W2163339179","https://openalex.org/W2172068706","https://openalex.org/W2172224330","https://openalex.org/W2346977689","https://openalex.org/W2553411601","https://openalex.org/W2605180674","https://openalex.org/W2639963947","https://openalex.org/W2899996780","https://openalex.org/W3022468940","https://openalex.org/W3123282572","https://openalex.org/W3125516252","https://openalex.org/W4244163501","https://openalex.org/W4293084276","https://openalex.org/W4298386823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385220805","https://openalex.org/W2115988822","https://openalex.org/W1749069704","https://openalex.org/W7206206764","https://openalex.org/W7018373655","https://openalex.org/W4403734152","https://openalex.org/W2268188342","https://openalex.org/W6925713676","https://openalex.org/W2417021301","https://openalex.org/W4385225038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deploying":[1],"institutional":[2,70],"theory":[3],"to":[4,25],"analyze":[5],"the":[6,17,26,73,78,91,121,128],"transfer":[7,79],"of":[8,20,30,75,82,93,96,130,134,139],"transgender":[9],"diversity":[10,52,83,97,123,141],"policy":[11,84],"in":[12,34,55,101,120],"Pakistan,":[13],"our":[14,58],"research":[15,126,132],"highlights":[16,61],"crucial":[18],"influence":[19],"national":[21,86],"context":[22],"with":[23,42],"respect":[24],"development":[27],"and":[28,46,51,66,69,80,99,106,136],"implementation":[29],"transgender\u2010supportive":[31],"equality":[32],"measures":[33],"multinational":[35],"corporation":[36],"subsidiaries.":[37],"Based":[38],"on":[39],"semi\u2010structured":[40],"interviews":[41],"4":[43],"government":[44],"officials,":[45],"30":[47],"managers,":[48],"HR":[49],"leads,":[50],"officers":[53],"working":[54],"subsidiary":[56],"organizations,":[57],"thematic":[59],"analysis":[60],"how":[62],"regulatory":[63],"institutions,":[64,68],"normative":[65],"cognitive":[67],"distance":[71],"inform":[72],"conditions":[74],"possibility":[76],"for":[77],"execution":[81],"across":[85],"boundaries.":[87],"Moreover,":[88],"by":[89],"highlighting":[90],"inadequacy":[92],"etic":[94],"understandings":[95],"categories":[98],"practices":[100],"settings":[102],"where":[103],"social":[104],"structures":[105],"ideologies":[107],"can":[108],"be":[109],"different,":[110],"we":[111],"argue":[112],"that":[113],"utilizing":[114],"an":[115],"emic":[116],"approach":[117],"is":[118],"essential":[119],"global":[122],"field.":[124],"Our":[125],"emphasizes":[127],"value":[129],"context\u2010sensitive":[131],"instead":[133],"generic,":[135],"universalistic,":[137],"applications":[138],"\u2018Western\u2019":[140],"understandings.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-07-22T00:00:00"}