{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384518976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","title":"Lumped Folded Michelson Interferometer Modulators With Broadband Technologies","display_name":"Lumped Folded Michelson Interferometer Modulators With Broadband Technologies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384518976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092483928","display_name":"Song Ruogu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1950-1210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1950-1210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Ruogu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1950-1210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406122","display_name":"Xinyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-7529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-7529","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9151-1882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614569","display_name":"Jinyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-0385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-0385","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8933-8767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Jinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080217500","display_name":"\u5cb3\u6587\u6210 Yue Wencheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wencheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102144627","display_name":"Yu Mingbin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Mingbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406425","display_name":"Shuxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-5464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-5464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Shuxiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-5464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102763822","display_name":"Yan Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-1703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-1703","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4825-4228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58988422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"22","first_page":"6979","last_page":"6986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.11230000108480453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.1031000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-peaking","display_name":"inductive peaking","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-bandwidth","display_name":"electro-optic bandwidth","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-frequency-performance","display_name":"high-frequency performance","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"insertion loss","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pam-4","display_name":"PAM-4","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"on-off keying","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-modulators","display_name":"optical modulators","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5800530910491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9809166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733088","display_name":"Michelson interferometer","level":3,"score":0.5445483326911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5353479981422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5056338310241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.47250664234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4701637923717499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.42508751153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.42108821868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.41553959250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50831002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098873","display_name":"Optical modulation amplitude","level":4,"score":0.4134466350078583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3924295902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38728201389312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37287402153015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36345070600509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.3477315306663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24448895454406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20042195916175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.15121814608573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1126919686794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08175686001777649}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3295814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2096954365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62204250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4244078641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB43020500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327934","funder_display_name":"Strategic Pioneer Research Projects of Defense Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327934","display_name":"Strategic Pioneer Research Projects of Defense Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970588388","https://openalex.org/W1982133226","https://openalex.org/W1989502643","https://openalex.org/W2005404392","https://openalex.org/W2034525900","https://openalex.org/W2099610951","https://openalex.org/W2103282521","https://openalex.org/W2587108975","https://openalex.org/W2786460282","https://openalex.org/W2790328186","https://openalex.org/W2803277456","https://openalex.org/W2901018897","https://openalex.org/W2901868604","https://openalex.org/W2949671406","https://openalex.org/W3007205262","https://openalex.org/W3085084072","https://openalex.org/W3100361887","https://openalex.org/W3129553461","https://openalex.org/W3159759503","https://openalex.org/W3162436613","https://openalex.org/W3184590880","https://openalex.org/W3213905795","https://openalex.org/W4214497402","https://openalex.org/W4226024929","https://openalex.org/W4236672780","https://openalex.org/W4280617936","https://openalex.org/W4281644161","https://openalex.org/W4281849792","https://openalex.org/W4290712273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W2046525430","https://openalex.org/W4363647395","https://openalex.org/W2510927170","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2093894424","https://openalex.org/W2971711574","https://openalex.org/W2077772424","https://openalex.org/W1598294729","https://openalex.org/W1997203663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Michelson":[0,25],"interferometer":[1,26],"modulators":[2,27,83],"(MIMs)":[3],"have":[4],"superior":[5],"modulation":[6,60],"efficiency":[7],"but":[8],"shortcomings":[9],"in":[10],"high-frequency":[11,101],"performance.":[12],"We":[13],"combine":[14],"broadband":[15,96],"technologies,":[16,22],"the":[17,31,38,78,82,100,137,156],"inductive":[18,115],"and":[19,36,54,86,92,142,168],"T-coil":[20,127,133],"peaking":[21,116,128,134],"with":[23,49,57,84,136,155],"folded":[24],"(FMIMs)":[28],"to":[29],"make":[30],"device":[32],"footprint":[33],"more":[34],"compact":[35],"improve":[37],"bandwidth":[39],"of":[40,45,81,103,160],"these":[41],"modulators.":[42],"A":[43],"series":[44],"FMIMs":[46,117,135],"are":[47,89],"explored":[48],"different":[50],"additional":[51],"electric":[52],"structures":[53],"electrode":[55,140],"distribution":[56],"only":[58],"250-\u03bcm":[59],"areas.":[61],"The":[62,105,132],"on-chip":[63],"insertion":[64],"loss":[65],"is":[66,123],"about":[67],"1.22":[68],"dB":[69],"for":[70,114,126],"all":[71],"FMIMs.":[72,104],"Under":[73],"2":[74],"V":[75,120],"reverse":[76],"bias,":[77,121],"calculated":[79],"V\u03c0-Ls":[80],"GSG":[85,138],"GS":[87],"electrodes":[88],"0.933":[90],"V\u00b7cm":[91],"1.284":[93],"V\u00b7cm.":[94],"Both":[95],"technologies":[97],"can":[98,110,147],"enhance":[99],"performances":[102,154],"measured":[106],"electro-optical":[107],"(EO)":[108],"bandwidths":[109],"reach":[111],"28.4":[112],"GHz":[113,125],"at":[118,129],"\u22126":[119],"which":[122],"44":[124],"\u20132":[130],"V.":[131],"lumped":[139],"(LE)":[141],"a":[143,149],"30-ohm":[144],"terminal":[145],"resistor":[146],"achieve":[148],"better":[150],"trade-off":[151],"between":[152],"various":[153],"clearer":[157],"eye":[158],"diagrams":[159],"60":[161,169],"GBaud":[162],"4-level":[163],"pulse":[164],"amplitude":[165],"Modulation":[166],"(PAM4)":[167],"Gbps":[170],"On-Off":[171],"Keying":[172],"(OOK).":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}