{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384500131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","title":"An elegant scheme of self-testing for multipartite Bell inequalities","display_name":"An elegant scheme of self-testing for multipartite Bell inequalities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384500131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-023-00735-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738600312","display_name":"npj Quantum Information","issn_l":"2056-6387","issn":["2056-6387"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Quantum Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-023-00735-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102848443","display_name":"Ekta Panwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-7424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-7424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ekta Panwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036810616","display_name":"Palash Pandya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-5954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-5954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palash Pandya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075169089","display_name":"Marcin Wie\u015bniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-3945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-3945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Wie\u015bniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-3945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies, University of Gda\u0144sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102848443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"],"apc_list":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"apc_paid":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"fwci":1.6898,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85106653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.5800999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.4058000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-testing","display_name":"self-testing","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipartite-bell-inequalities","display_name":"multipartite Bell inequalities","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghz-states","display_name":"GHZ states","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-phase","display_name":"relative phase","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166733315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934831","display_name":"Multipartite","level":4,"score":0.7901463508605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118704821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2898260","display_name":"Bell state","level":4,"score":0.726803719997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128108043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388525","display_name":"Bell's theorem","level":4,"score":0.6751131415367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.6518638134002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11511207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054240","display_name":"Bell test experiments","level":5,"score":0.6197994351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5751478672027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5137342214584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.48939552903175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36494176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098572","display_name":"Local hidden variable theory","level":5,"score":0.4649464190006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.42335045337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4198168218135834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3667325973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.334025114774704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.27992749214172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.26834243535995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2460753619670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14641648530960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13390251994132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-023-00735-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738600312","display_name":"npj Quantum Information","issn_l":"2056-6387","issn":["2056-6387"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Quantum Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.06908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06908","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.06908","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:accb09d585a141ea86fbca8e7cbd4c1a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/accb09d585a141ea86fbca8e7cbd4c1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Quantum Information, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2202.06908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.06908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.06908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-023-00735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-023-00735-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738600312","display_name":"npj Quantum Information","issn_l":"2056-6387","issn":["2056-6387"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Quantum Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679633809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017/26/E/ST2/01008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6762893308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-0-00463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","ror":"https://ror.org/048zd9m77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330828","display_name":"QuantERA","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384500131.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384500131.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506311017","https://openalex.org/W1586509719","https://openalex.org/W1709784975","https://openalex.org/W1969705790","https://openalex.org/W1971056565","https://openalex.org/W1980546963","https://openalex.org/W2000985364","https://openalex.org/W2005287051","https://openalex.org/W2010782321","https://openalex.org/W2035549896","https://openalex.org/W2043508110","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2062739241","https://openalex.org/W2062854284","https://openalex.org/W2072225907","https://openalex.org/W2084499569","https://openalex.org/W2087431766","https://openalex.org/W2094119863","https://openalex.org/W2103596554","https://openalex.org/W2138843217","https://openalex.org/W2139071790","https://openalex.org/W2154245620","https://openalex.org/W2154434103","https://openalex.org/W2162178369","https://openalex.org/W2162381006","https://openalex.org/W2170184539","https://openalex.org/W2174298480","https://openalex.org/W2344582723","https://openalex.org/W2528206911","https://openalex.org/W2551206400","https://openalex.org/W2595817309","https://openalex.org/W2611228919","https://openalex.org/W2733825632","https://openalex.org/W2758002822","https://openalex.org/W2762179548","https://openalex.org/W2786058174","https://openalex.org/W2786064221","https://openalex.org/W2887121029","https://openalex.org/W2941438825","https://openalex.org/W2942051472","https://openalex.org/W2962912624","https://openalex.org/W2972417438","https://openalex.org/W2999012267","https://openalex.org/W3118200570","https://openalex.org/W4211058570","https://openalex.org/W4220844299","https://openalex.org/W4225772874","https://openalex.org/W4365447538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416696111","https://openalex.org/W4220844299","https://openalex.org/W4413939380","https://openalex.org/W7140178872","https://openalex.org/W3005358692","https://openalex.org/W4403007301","https://openalex.org/W2982742540","https://openalex.org/W2278596232","https://openalex.org/W4396580173","https://openalex.org/W7128518854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Self-testing":[1],"is":[2],"the":[3,24,57,68,89,99,109,113,115,125,129,144,150],"most":[4],"accurate":[5],"form":[6],"of":[7,9,59,73,80,128],"certification":[8],"quantum":[10],"devices.":[11],"While":[12,108],"self-testing":[13,22,40,65],"in":[14,23],"bipartite":[15],"Bell":[16,28,46,75,82,96,138],"scenarios":[17,29],"has":[18],"been":[19],"thoroughly":[20],"studied,":[21],"more":[25],"complex":[26],"multipartite":[27],"remains":[30],"largely":[31],"unexplored.":[32],"We":[33],"present":[34],"a":[35],"simple":[36],"and":[37,70,77,93,102,147],"broadly":[38],"applicable":[39],"scheme":[41],"for":[42,67,105,118],"N":[43,90,136],"-partite":[44,91],"correlation":[45],"inequalities":[47,76,97],"with":[48],"two":[49],"binary":[50],"outcome":[51],"observables":[52,104],"per":[53],"party.":[54,107],"To":[55,123],"showcase":[56],"versatility":[58],"our":[60],"proof":[61],"technique,":[62],"we":[63,86,132],"obtain":[64],"statements":[66],"MABK":[69,92],"WWW\u017bB":[71],"family":[72,79],"linear":[74],"Uffink\u2019s":[78,94,134],"quadratic":[81,95],"inequalities.":[83],"In":[84],"particular,":[85],"show":[87],"that":[88],"self-test":[98,143],"GHZ":[100,145],"state":[101],"anti-commuting":[103],"each":[106],"former":[110],"uniquely":[111,148],"specifies":[112],"state,":[114],"latter":[116],"allows":[117],"an":[119],"arbitrary":[120],"relative":[121,130,151],"phase.":[122,152],"demonstrate":[124],"operational":[126],"relevance":[127],"phase,":[131],"introduce":[133],"complex-valued":[135],"partite":[137],"expression,":[139],"whose":[140],"extremal":[141],"values":[142],"states":[146],"specify":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2023-07-18T00:00:00"}